Urological Surgery: Posterior Urethral Valves

Описание: This is another presentation that I gave during my urology subspecialty. I loved the rotation and I also was able to work with a pediatric urologist during part of the rotation. I decided to present this after seeing a couple of cases at the hospital where I work at.

Posterior urethral valves (PUV) is a congenital disorder that affects males and is characterized by the presence of abnormal flaps of tissue in the urethra, which is the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. The flaps of tissue obstruct the flow of urine and lead to a buildup of urine in the bladder, which can cause damage to the kidneys and bladder over time.

Symptoms of PUV may include a weak urine stream, urinary tract infections, difficulty urinating, and incontinence. In severe cases, PUV can lead to bladder damage, kidney damage, and renal failure.

Diagnosis of PUV typically involves imaging tests such as ultrasound, voiding cystourethrography (VCUG), and urodynamic studies to assess bladder function. Treatment for PUV often involves surgery to remove the obstructing tissue and improve urine flow. Additional treatments may be needed to manage complications such as kidney damage or bladder dysfunction.

With prompt diagnosis and treatment, many individuals with PUV can live healthy lives with good kidney function. However, the severity of the condition can vary, and some individuals may require ongoing medical care and monitoring to manage long-term complications.

The papers that I used
Cystometrogram appearance in PUV is reliably quantified by the shape, wall, reflux and diverticuli (SWRD) score, and presages the need for intervention.
Niyogi et al., (2017): https://www.jpurol.com/article/S1477-...

Prediction of need for intervention in posterior urethral valves: Use of urine osmolality
Wright, et al., (2018): https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29223...