Separation process vocabulary - Chemical engineering

Описание: Separation Processes - The division of chemical mixtures into their individual components.
Distillation - A classical separation method involving the separation of components based on their boiling points.
Absorption - A method where one substance is taken in by another substance.
Liquid-Liquid Extraction - A technique where a solute is transferred from one liquid phase to another.
Leaching - The process of extracting substances from a solid by dissolving them in a liquid.
Drying - The removal of moisture from a solid or liquid.
Crystallization - The formation of solid crystals from a homogeneous solution.
Adsorption - The adhesion of atoms, ions, or molecules from a gas, liquid, or dissolved solid to a surface.
Membrane Separation - A method that uses a barrier to separate components based on their size or properties.
Gas Phase Separation - Separation techniques applied to gases.
Liquid Phase Separation - Separation techniques applied to liquids.
Solid Phase Separation - Separation techniques applied to solids.
Separation Principles - Fundamental concepts used by chemical engineers to develop and operate industrial processes.
Small-Scale Problems - Industrial separation issues on a smaller scale, like batch processing or recovery of biological solutes.
Separation Techniques - Methods used to separate chemical mixtures into pure components.
Key Components - Critical elements in a mixture used to measure the degree of separation.
Separation Power - The effectiveness of a separation process in isolating key components.
Chemical Intermediates - Compounds formed during chemical reactions as precursors to final products.
Oil Refineries - Facilities that process crude oil into different petroleum products.
Chemical Compositions - The makeup of chemicals in a mixture.
Block-Flow Diagrams - Schematic representations of chemical processes using blocks and connecting lines.
Chemical Reactions - Processes where substances transform into different substances.
Auxiliary Operations - Supporting processes in chemical engineering that do not alter chemical composition.
Continuous Process - A manufacturing method where production runs without interruption.
Azeotropic composition - Azeotropic composition refers to the specific ratio of components in a mixture where the liquid phase and vapor phase have exactly the same composition during boiling.
Impurities - Impurities are unwanted substances that are present in a material but are not part of the intended product.
Reactor - Reactor is a device or vessel where chemical reactions are carried out in a controlled environment.
Partial condenser - Partial condenser is a device that cools and condenses only part of the vapor coming from the top of a distillation column.
Hydrogenation - Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction where hydrogen gas (H₂) is added to another compound, usually in the presence of a catalyst (like nickel, palladium, or platinum).
Crude-distillation column - A crude-distillation column is a large industrial tower used to separate crude oil into different components based on their boiling points.
Absorption tower - An absorption tower is a vertical column used to transfer a gas into a liquid by absorbing certain components from the gas into the liquid.
Reactive distillation - Reactive distillation is a process that combines chemical reaction and distillation in one single unit.
Emulsification - Emulsification is the process of mixing two liquids that normally do not mix well like oil and water to form a stable mixture called an emulsion.
Entropy increase - Entropy increase means the amount of disorder or randomness in a system becomes greater.
Mass transfer - Rate-governing process in separation operations.
Thermodynamic equilibrium - Thermodynamic equilibrium is the state where a system's macroscopic properties are all balanced and no longer changing with time. Limits the extent of separation in operations.
Fluid mechanics - Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics that studies the behavior of fluids at rest and in motion. Field playing a role in separation processes.
Heat transfer - Involved in phase change and temperature control in separations.
Mass transfer by diffusion - Enhances separation rates based on species diffusion.
Mechanical separation - Initial phase separation based on gravity or centrifugal force.
Phase creation - Separation technique involving immiscible phase generation.
Barrier technique - Method restricting movement of certain species for separation.
Solid agent separation - Technique using solid particles for chemical separation.
External fields - Applied for specialized separations in some techniques.
Chemical Process Simulation - Incorporating mathematical models into computer programs for operations.
Continuous Operations - Operations treated in detail for steady-state processes.
Partial Condensation - Removing heat to partially condense a vapor feed.
Partial Vaporization - Adding heat to partially vaporize a liquid feed.