Mnemonic For Brain Stem Stroke Syndromes

Описание: The main idea of this video is to present the "Rule of Four" to help doctors and students in diagnosing brainstem stroke syndromes.

The rule is divided into four sub-rules:

Rule 1: There are four structures in the midline, all starting with the letter "M" (Medial). When these structures are affected, they cause a Medial Brainstem Syndrome. These structures are the motor pathway, the medial lemniscus, the medial longitudinal fasciculus, and the motor nuclei of some cranial nerves.

Rule 2: There are four lateral structures, all starting with the letter "S" (Side). When these structures are affected, they cause a Lateral Brainstem Syndrome. These structures are the spinocerebellar tract, the spinothalamic tract, the sympathetic pathway, and the sensory nuclei of some cranial nerves.

Rule 3: There are four cranial nerves in the medulla oblongata, four in the pons, and four above the pons. They can be remembered in a descending order, but it's important to note that cranial nerves 1 and 2 are not in the brainstem, and cranial nerve 8 can be affected in both the medulla and the pons.

Rule 4: Some cranial nerve nuclei are medial and others are lateral. They can be identified by looking at the cranial nerve number; if it is divisible by 12, it is medial. These are cranial nerves 3, 4, 6, and 12. The rest of the nerves are lateral.

The video also provides examples of clinical cases to apply these rules.