苏轼

Описание: 苏轼（1037年1月8日—1101年8月24日），字子瞻，又字和仲，号铁冠道人、东坡居士，世称苏东坡、苏仙、坡仙，汉族，眉州眉山（今四川省眉山市）人，祖籍河北栾城，北宋文学家、书法家、画家、美食家、水利工程师，历史治水名人。

苏轼是北宋中期文坛领袖，在诗、词、散文、书、画等方面取得很高成就。文纵横恣肆；诗题材广阔，清新豪健，善用夸张比喻，独具风格，与黄庭坚并称“苏黄”；词开豪放一派，与辛弃疾同是豪放派代表，并称“苏辛”；散文著述宏富，豪放自如，与欧阳修并称“欧苏”，为“唐宋八大家”之一。苏轼善书，“宋四家”之一；擅长文人画，尤擅墨竹、怪石、枯木等。

苏轼的一生经历了多个阶段，从少年得志到仕途坎坷，再到晚年流放。他最初通过科举考试进入官场，但因其刚正不阿的性格和直言不讳的言论，多次遭到贬谪。在贬谪期间，他深入民间，体察民情，写下了大量反映人民疾苦和社会现实的作品。同时，他也寄情于山水之间，创作了许多优美的山水诗和散文。

苏轼的生平事迹和文学成就被后人广为传颂，他被誉为“千古第一文人”。他的作品不仅在中国文学史上占有重要地位，而且对后世文学和艺术产生了深远的影响。

Su Shi (January 8, 1037 - August 24, 1101), also known as Zizhan, Hezhong, Tieguan Daoren, Dongpo Jushi, known as Su Dongpo, Suxian, Poxian, Han nationality, native of Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan City, Sichuan Province), native of Luancheng, Hebei Province, Northern Song Dynasty writer, calligrapher, painter, gourmet, water conservancy engineer, historical water conservancy celebrity.

Su Shi was the leader of the literary world in the middle period of the Northern Song Dynasty, and achieved great achievements in poetry, lyrics, prose, calligraphy, painting, etc. His prose is unrestrained and unrestrained; his poems cover a wide range of themes, are fresh and vigorous, and are good at using exaggeration and metaphor, with a unique style. He is called "Su Huang" together with Huang Tingjian; his lyrics are bold and unrestrained, and he is the representative of the bold and unrestrained school together with Xin Qiji, and they are called "Su Xin"; his prose writings are rich, bold and free, and he is called "Ou Su" together with Ouyang Xiu, and is one of the "Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". Su Shi was good at calligraphy and was one of the "Four Masters of Song Dynasty". He was good at literati painting, especially ink bamboo, strange rocks, dead wood, etc.

Su Shi's life went through many stages, from being successful at a young age to having a bumpy official career, and then to exile in his later years. He initially entered the officialdom through the imperial examination, but was demoted many times because of his upright character and outspoken remarks. During his exile, he went deep into the people, understood the people's sentiments, and wrote a large number of works reflecting the people's suffering and social reality. At the same time, he also expressed his feelings between mountains and rivers, and created many beautiful landscape poems and prose.

Su Shi's life deeds and literary achievements have been widely praised by later generations, and he is known as "the first literati of all ages". His works not only occupy an important position in the history of Chinese literature, but also have a profound impact on later literature and art.