T-Cell Receptor(TCR) & Chimeric Antigen Receptor(CAR) based Immunotherapy against cancer

Описание: Gist: Author explained the difference between two different type of Adoptive T cell transfer or ACT approaches. One based on traditional T- Cell Receptor or TCR, in which tumor antigen information need to be provided by the Antigen Presenting Cell or APC. It has alpha and beta TCR which is naturally present in the activated T cells. On the other hand, Chimeric Antigen Receptor or CAR based approach doesn’t need APC for its activation. It is the antigen specific receptor made up of variable heavy and light chain region of antibody. It can directly trigger the anti-tumor response through intra-cellular signaling that activate the T cells, once it interacts with the target cells that has this antigen expressed on the cell surface. Moreover, clinical data suggest that naïve or younger T cells shows high in-vivo persistence in the preclinical studies on mouse, monkey compared to the mature or differentiated T cells. Another interesting or paradoxical thing observed that CD8+ T cells antitumor efficacy is inversely proportional to the cytokine released to kill the target cells i.e., its differentiation ability accelerates with release in cytokines or one can consider that CD8+ T cells is like a stem cell state with the ability to proliferate and differentiate to other T cells populations.

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Reference:
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa4967