19. Septal Development in Cardiovascular System (CVS) Embryology

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Septal Development in CVS Embryology

Septal development in the embryonic cardiovascular system is a crucial process that takes place between the 4th and 8th weeks of gestation 🕰️. It involves the formation of the atrial septum, ventricular septum, atrioventricular septum, and the aorticopulmonary septum. The atrial septum forms through the growth of the septum primum and septum secundum, creating a valve-like structure called the foramen ovale. The ventricular septum is formed by the muscular interventricular septum and the membranous interventricular septum, which closes the interventricular foramen. Endocardial cushions play a significant role in forming the atrioventricular septum by dividing the atrioventricular canal into right and left orifices. Lastly, the aorticopulmonary septum, derived from neural crest cells, separates the truncus arteriosus into the aorta and pulmonary trunk, completing the partitioning of the heart chambers. Defects in this intricate process can lead to congenital heart anomalies such as atrial septal defects (ASD), ventricular septal defects (VSD), and patent foramen ovale (PFO) 💔.

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