What is a Transformer Breather? (Working Principle )

Описание: What is a Transformer Breather? (Working Principle ) #shortsviral #transformers #breather

A Conservator Tank and a Breather work together as the "respiratory system" of a power transformer. Since oil-filled transformers are not hermetically sealed, they must "breathe" to manage the changing volume of insulating oil.
1. The Conservator Tank: The Expansion Reservoir
The conservator tank is a cylindrical drum mounted on top of the main transformer tank. Its primary job is to provide space for the oil to expand and contract.
Working Principle: When the transformer is under load, the oil heats up and its volume increases. This excess oil flows from the main tank into the conservator. When the transformer cools down, the oil volume shrinks, and it flows back into the main tank.
The "Buffer" Role: By keeping the main tank completely submerged in oil at all times, the conservator prevents air pockets from forming around the windings, which could cause electrical arcing.
2. The Breather: The Moisture Filter
Because the oil level in the conservator moves up and down, air must be pushed out or drawn in from the atmosphere. This is where the Breather comes in.
Inhalation (Cooling): As the oil contracts, a partial vacuum is created in the conservator, sucking air in. This air passes through the breather, where silica gel crystals absorb any moisture.
Exhalation (Heating): As the oil expands, it pushes air out through the breather.
The Oil Seal: At the very bottom of the breather, there is a small cup of oil. This acts as a primary filter to trap dust and dirt before the air even reaches the silica gel.