Microbiology 31| Quantitative Measurement of Bacterial Growth (Part-2) Turbidity & Nitrogen Test

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Growth implies that all chemical components of the cell increase with the same speed and after a certain time this leads to an increase in cell number, which causes an increase in size or number of the individuals. Growth is normally performed batch-wise or continuously.

Methods for measurement of the cell mass involve both direct and indirect techniques:
(1) Direct physical measurement of dry weight, wet weight, or volume of cells after centrifugation.
(2) Direct chemical measurement of some chemical component of the cells such as total N, total protein, or total DNA content.
(3) Indirect measurement of chemical activity such as rate of O2 production or consumption, CO2 production or consumption, etc.
(4) Turbidity measurements employ a variety of instruments to determine the amount of light scattered by a suspension of cells.

Using a Haemocytometer = A more accurate method involves using a haemocytometer. This is a specialised microscope slide originally used to count red blood cells. Using the haemocytometer gives total cell counts as it is not possible to distinguish between living and dead cells (you are not required to describe or use a haemocytometer.)

Using Turbidimetry= third method, known as turbidimetry, involves using a colourimeter to measure the cloudiness or turbidity of the culture as cell numbers increase. Results are derived by comparison with a standard graph of light absorbance plotted against known cell numbers (You are not required to describe or use a calorimeter). Direct counting methods include microscopic counts using a hemocytometer or a counting chamber. The hemocytometer works by creating a volumetric grid divided into differently sized cubes for accurately counting the number of particles in a cube and calculating the concentration of the entire sample. One can also quantify the number of cells in culture by plating a known volume of the cell culture on a petri dish with a growth medium, which is also known as a streak plate. If the cells are distributed on the plate properly, it can generally be assumed that each cell will give rise to a single colony.

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