11.25 Alcohol, Phenols & Ethers // Class-12// Chapter-11// NCERT Excercise solutions

Описание: 11.25 Illustrate with examples the limitations of Willamson synthesis for the preparation of certain types of ethers.

Ans: Williamson’s synthesis is a versatile method for the synthesis of both symmetrical and unsymmetrical ethers. However, for the synthesis of unsymmetrical ethers, a proper choice of reactants is necessary. Since Williamson’s synthesis occurs by SN2 mechanism and primary alkyl halides are most reactive in SN2 reaction, therefore, best yields of unsymmetrical ethers are obtained when the alkyl halides are primary and the alkoxide may be primary, secondary or tertiary. For example, tert-butylethyl ether is prepared by treating ethyl bromide with sodium tert-butoxide.


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NCERT Exercise Questions Solutions Q 11.1 -11.33 for Class XII

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Alcohol, Phenols, and Ethers:

1. Introduction:

Brief explanation of functional groups: alcohols, phenols, and ethers.
Importance and common uses of these compounds.
2. Alcohols:

Definition and general structure of alcohols.
Classification based on carbon substitution (primary, secondary, tertiary).
Nomenclature rules for naming alcohols.
Physical properties and solubility.
Chemical reactions of alcohols: oxidation, dehydration, and substitution.
3. Phenols:

Definition and structure of phenols (aromatic alcohols).
Comparison with aliphatic alcohols.
Nomenclature of phenols.
Acidity and resonance stabilization in phenols.
Applications and industrial uses of phenols.
4. Ethers:

Definition and structure of ethers.
Comparison with alcohols and other functional groups.
Nomenclature of ethers.
Preparation methods for ethers (Williamson ether synthesis, etc.).
Reactions of ethers: cleavage and synthesis.
5. Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers in Biochemistry:

Roles and significance of alcohols in bio-molecules (e.g., carbohydrates, lipids).
Phenols in biological systems and their antioxidant properties.
Ether linkages in biomolecules like lipids and ethers as anesthetics.
6. Industrial Applications:

Use of alcohols as solvents, fuels, and precursors in chemical synthesis.
Phenolic compounds in manufacturing plastics, pharmaceuticals, and disinfectants.
Role of ethers in the production of polymers and as solvents.
7. Health and Safety Considerations:

Toxicity and hazards associated with alcohols, phenols, and ethers.
Safe handling and storage practices.
Environmental impact and regulations.
8. Future Perspectives:

Current research and developments in the field of alcohols, phenols, and ethers.
Potential new applications and uses of these compounds.
Conclusion:

Recapitulation of the importance and versatility of alcohols, phenols, and ethers in various fields, from chemistry to industry and biochemistry.
Emphasis on responsible use and continued exploration of their properties for future advancements.