Emergence of Education Policy - Pre Independence Era | Amit Kaushik | Education Unpacked

Описание: This is the first episode of Education Unpacked, a YouTube series by the Centre for Civil Society. The videos in this series were originally recorded in 2018 and are being relaunched by popular demand to support wider knowledge dissemination.

This Episode talks about:
RTE Act 2009: Pre-independence education was not open to everyone. Traditional gurukuls imparted knowledge, but teachers often came from specific communities, limiting access for the average Indian.

After the British arrived, the question of mass education began to be discussed. The Charter Act of 1830 was a landmark in promoting modern education. It sanctioned ₹1,00,000 annually for public instruction. However, much of this money was not spent due to controversies over whether education should be in native languages or in English.
Macaulay’s Minute (1835): English was seen as the likely international language. Macaulay proposed imparting public instruction in English to create intermediaries, with the expectation that knowledge would eventually be translated into vernacular languages for broader community awareness.

Wood’s Dispatch (1854): Recommended at least one government school in every district, grants to affiliated private schools, education up to the university level, and recognition of English as important. It also supported the education of women. This dispatch significantly impacted India, leading to the establishment of the Universities of Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras.

Hunter Commission (1882): Advocated grants to indigenous schools and introduced the “payment by results” principle. It recommended transferring management to municipal councils and emphasized the need to improve women’s and Muslim education. Jyotirao Phule also submitted demands for inclusive education.

Indian Education Conference (1901): Convened by Lord Curzon in Shimla, it passed 150 resolutions highlighting shortcomings in the existing system, particularly the neglect of primary education and inadequate public funding.

Gopal Krishna Gokhale’s Bill (1911): Introduced in the Imperial Legislative Assembly to make primary education free and compulsory. However, it was rejected due to lack of funds.

About the Speaker:
A former civil servant and development professional with international experience of educational policy and programme implementation over the last 25 years, Amit Kaushik has been supporting education reform in government, business, non-profits, and development agencies like UNESCO and UNICEF.

He specializes in policy planning, programme design & implementation, learning assessment, monitoring and evaluation. His areas of interest include learning assessment, school management, quality improvement in education, non-formal education, inclusive education, and girls'​ education.

About Centre for Civil Society:
Founded in 1997 on the 50th anniversary of India’s independence, the Centre for Civil Society (CCS) is a leading non-partisan, independent public policy think tank. CCS advances the cause of individua liberty and institutional accountability through evidence-based research, policy training, and strategic outreach. Our work focuses on systemic reform in education, livelihoods, and governance, with a commitment to enhancing the quality of public discourse and policymaking in India.

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