Vitamin D Deficiency - Causes, Signs, And Symptoms - Everything You Need To Know

Описание: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism.
It functions by stimulating intestinal calcium and phosphorus absorption, by stimulating bone calcium mobilization, and by increasing reabsorption of calcium into the blood.
As a result of these functions, serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations are maintained at a healthy level, which is required for the proper mineralization of bones, enzymatic activity, and other cellular functions.
Healthy calcium levels in blood will prevent the occurrence of rickets, Osteomalacia, and Hypocalcemic tetany.

Vitamin D deficiency can result from inadequate exposure to sunlight, malabsorption, poor diet, accelerated catabolism of calcium due to medications, and in infants, the minimal amount of vitamin D found in breast milk.

Foods that are rich in Vitamin D include fatty fish like salmon and sardines, fish liver oil, beef liver, egg yolk, mushrooms, and fortified food.

Most patients with vitamin D deficiency are asymptomatic.

However, even mild chronic vitamin D deficiency can lead to low calcium levels in blood and hyperparathyroidism, or increased secretion of parathyroid hormone.

This in turn causes increased bone resorption and reduced bone mineralization, a condition called Osteomalacia.

The bones of these people are very fragile and are at risk of undergoing fractures even with minimal strain.

In addition, patients with a prolonged and severe vitamin D deficiency can experience symptoms associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Some of these include bone pain, arthralgias, or joint pain, myalgias, or muscle pain, fatigue, muscle twitching, also known as fasciculations and weakness.

In children, deficiency of vitamin D manifests as Ricketts.

Here, defective bone mineralization leads to bowling of bones with straining.

These children are often found to have started walking late or prefer to sit down for prolonged periods.

In addition, these children will have symptoms such as irritability, lethargy,
and developmental delay.

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