Pabna Peasant Movement | Farmers’ Revolt Against Zamindari Exploitation | History | Drishti IAS

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Mr. Sunny Kumar, Expert Faculty at Drishti IAS, explains the Pabna Peasant Movement of 1873, a significant agrarian movement in Bengal that was directed not against the British government, but against Indian zamindars under the Permanent Settlement system.
The video explains how ryot (tenant) farmers, also known as kashtkars, were subjected to arbitrary rent hikes, multiple illegal cesses, and eviction without security of tenure. Although the Act of 1859 introduced the concept of Occupancy Rights, zamindars deliberately prevented tenants from completing 12 years on a plot to deny them legal protection.
Unlike the Indigo Revolt, this movement was legal, organised, and non-violent, with peasants demanding protection of cultivation rights rather than ownership of land. The lecture also highlights how many contemporary intellectuals and early nationalist leaders failed to support the peasants due to class bias, while the movement eventually led to the Bengal Tenancy Act, 1885, providing limited relief to cultivators.

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