Freshman Logic & Critical Thinking: Final Exam Questions with Explanations (2026)

Описание:    🧠 Logic & Fallacy final exam question 🧠
📚CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER FROM THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS AND GIVE YOUR ANSWER IN THE SEPARATE ANSWER SHEET (1.5 points each).📚

​1. ⚽ Each player on the football team is outstanding. Hence, the team itself is outstanding. What is the nature of the fallacy?

A. Equivocation 🔄
B. Amphiboly 🎣
C. Composition 🧩 (The error of assuming what is true of the parts must be true of the whole)
D. Division ➗
E. Complex question ❓

​2. 🇩🇪 The Germans are mostly Lutheran. Karl Schmidt is a German. Accordingly, Karl is mostly Lutheran. What kind of fallacy is it?

A. Appeal to force 💪

B. Appeal to ignorance 🤷‍♂️

C. Appeal to pity 🥺

D. Composition 🧩

E. Division ➗ (The error of applying a group characteristic to an individual incorrectly)

​3. 📖 What is the nature of the fallacy? God exists because the Bible says so. But how do I know that what the Bible says is true? Because it is God’s Word.

A. Complex question ❓

B. Begging the question ⭕ (Circular reasoning at its finest!)

C. False dichotomy 🌓

D. Suppressed evidence 🤐

E. Appeal to ignorance 🤷‍♀️

​4. 🥊 "Have you stopped beating your wife?", contains an implicit flawed argument that could be an instance of:

A. Equivocation 🔄

B. Amphiboly 🎣

C. Begging the question ⭕

D. Complex question ⁉️ (A "loaded question" that traps the respondent regardless of the answer)

E. False dichotomy 🌓

​5. ⚖️ Your Honor, it's true that I killed my parents. I fully admit that I murdered them in cold blood. But I should get a light sentence. After all, I am an orphan. What kind of fallacy is committed?

A. Appeal to ignorance 🤷‍♂️

B. Appeal to force 💪

C. Appeal to people 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦

D. Appeal to pity 🥺 (Trying to win support by exploiting feelings of guilt or pity)

E. Argument against the person 👤

​6. 🍷 Intelligent, refined people insist on the best wines. And our Old World Merlot is the best red wine available. Obviously, Old World Merlot is for you.

A. Division ➗

B. Complex question ❓

C. False dichotomy 🌓

D. Snobbery 🎩 (A variety of Appeal to People—associating a product with a "superior" class)

E. Vanity ✨

​7. 🏈 The school needs a football team. I hope you agree. One thing I can tell you for sure: If you want to fit in around here, you’ll see this issue the way the rest of us do.

A. Appeal to pity 🥺

B. Appeal to force 💪

C. Appeal to people 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 (Specifically the "Bandwagon" or "Peer Pressure" variety)

D. Accident 🤕

E. Red herring 🐟

​

​8. 👴 My grandfather Joe is a child. No child should have to work for a living. So, Grandfather Joe should not have to work for a living.

A. Amphiboly 🎣

B. Equivocation 🔄 (Using the word "child" in two different senses: a biological descendant vs. a minor)

C. Complex question ❓

D. Begging the question ⭕

E. Composition 🧩

​9.(Repeated/Second set). 👨‍🌾 The type of fallacy committed when an arguer distorts an opponent's argument for the purpose of easily attacking it is:

A/ Straw Man 🌾 (Building a "weak version" of the argument just to knock it down)

B/ Missing the Point 🎯

C/ The red herring 🐟

D/ Slippery Slope ⛸️
Ethiopian Freshman Logic, Critical Thinking Exam, Phil 1011, Common Exam Questions, Logic and Critical Thinking for Freshmen.Tutorial, Exam Review, Step-by-Step Solutions, Educational Resources, Study Guide 2026.​#EthiopianEducation
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