AVS-36: The Forgotten Soviet Rifle That Was Ahead of Its Time | Full History & Breakdown

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Simonov Automatic Rifle, better known as the AVS-36, is one of the most ambitious and misunderstood rifles in early Soviet history. Designed in the mid-1930s by Sergei Gavrilovich Simonov, this rifle represented a bold attempt to give Soviet infantry a select-fire automatic weapon at a time when most armies still relied on slow bolt-action rifles.

The AVS-36 fired the powerful 7.62×54mmR cartridge, the same round used in the Mosin-Nagant and Degtyarev machine guns. It featured a gas-operated system, a tilting bolt, and a detachable 15-round magazine, allowing soldiers to switch between semi-automatic and full-auto fire — a rare feature in the 1930s. On paper, the AVS-36 promised faster firing, more firepower, and advanced ergonomics compared to contemporary bolt-action rifles.

However, in real-world combat, the AVS-36 faced significant challenges. Its full-power cartridge created heavy recoil, making automatic fire difficult to control. The complex mechanism was highly sensitive to dirt, cold, and battlefield conditions, which caused frequent malfunctions. During the Winter War with Finland, these flaws became impossible to ignore, ultimately leading to its replacement by the simpler SVT-38 and later the SVT-40. This rapid phase-out makes the AVS-36 one of the rarest and most collectible Soviet rifles of World War II.

Despite its short service life, the AVS-36 played a pivotal role in the evolution of Soviet small arms. Many of Simonov’s innovations, particularly the gas system and tilting bolt design, were later incorporated into the SKS-45, a highly successful post-war rifle. The AVS-36 stands as a testament to early Soviet innovation, showing how ambitious designs, even when flawed, can influence firearms development for decades to come.

Whether you’re a firearms enthusiast, historian, or collector, the AVS-36 is a fascinating example of pre-war experimentation in military rifles. Its bold design, historical significance, and rarity make it a truly unique piece of firearms history.

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