The Concept and Application of Plant Biotechnology: From Old Methods to Modern Genetic Engineering

Описание: The Concept and Application of Plant Biotechnology: From Old Methods to Modern Genetic Engineering

​Dive into the world of Biotechnology, a technique that uses living organisms to modify products or improve plants and animals according to human needs.
​🌱 What is Covered?
​Concept of Biotechnology: Learn how the term was first used in 1919 by Hungarian Engineer Karl Ereky.
​Old Biotechnology: Discover traditional methods like the fermentation of beer by Sumerians and Babylonians in 6000 BC, and the use of naturally occurring microbes to make bread, curd, and vinegar. This includes brewing, baking, and antibiotic production.
​Modern Biotechnology: Explore newer technologies such as genetic engineering, cell culture, and bio-processing. An example is transferring a human insulin-producing gene into E. coli for diabetes management.
​Plant Biotechnology / Agricultural Biotechnology: This field involves using living organisms and bio-processes in food production and agriculture. It is broadly divided into three areas:
​Plant Tissue Culture
​Genetic Engineering / rDNA Technology
​Molecular Breeding / Marker Assisted Selection
​💡 Key Applications of Plant Biotechnology
​Plant biotechnology offers alternatives to conventional farming, primarily through the use of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs):
​Stress Tolerance: Developing transgenic plants resistant to abiotic (cold, drought, salt, heat) and biotic stresses (insects, fungi, viruses). Examples include Bt cotton and Bt corn.
​Reduced Post-Harvest Losses: E.g., the Flvr-Savr Tomato.
​Enhanced Nutritional Value: Developing crops like Golden Rice, which is Vitamin A enriched.
​Herbicide Resistance: Allowing weed control without harming the crop, like Roundup ready soybean.
​Plant Tissue Culture Roles: Enabling the production of virus-free plants via meristem culture, developing interspecific hybrids using immature embryo culture, and inducing early flowering.
​Speeding up Breeding: The use of marker-assisted selection boosts breeding efficiency by selecting plants based on genotype rather than phenotype.
​#Biotechnology #PlantBiotech #GeneticEngineering #GMO #Agriculture #Science #TissueCulture