Battle of Castillon: Medieval Engagement That Ended the Hundred Years’ War | Moments in History

Описание: The Battle of Castillon, fought on 17 July 1453, is widely regarded as the final major engagement of the Hundred Years’ War between England and France. Taking place near the town of Castillon in southwestern France, the battle marked a decisive French victory that ended nearly a century of conflict and secured French dominance over its territories. The English force, led by the seasoned commander John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, sought to reclaim the city of Castillon, which had recently fallen under French siege. Confident in his reputation and misjudging the enemy’s strength, Talbot launched an assault without waiting for reinforcements.

Unbeknownst to the English, the French army—supported by a formidable contingent of Breton artillery under the expert direction of Jean Bureau—had established fortified positions and strategically arranged cannons. This battle is often cited as one of the earliest demonstrations of artillery-based warfare deciding the outcome of a major conflict. As Talbot’s troops advanced, they were met with devastating cannon fire, which tore through English ranks and shattered their morale.

Talbot was unhorsed and killed in the fighting, symbolizing the collapse of English hopes in France. The English army retreated in disarray, and the French secured a resounding victory. Shortly after, Bordeaux surrendered, signaling the effective end of English territorial claims in mainland France, except for Calais.

The Battle of Castillon not only concluded the Hundred Years’ War but also represented a turning point in military history, showcasing the growing dominance of gunpowder weapons and the declining effectiveness of traditional medieval tactics.

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