Diversity Of LIfe - Part -4 | Taxonomy & Systematics | CSIR NET Life sciences

Описание: Biological classification is the process of grouping and organizing living organisms based on their similarities, differences, and evolutionary relationships. Systems of Classification
1.⁠ ⁠Artificial System
Based on one or few characters
Example: classification based on habitat or color
Proposed by Aristotle
Does not show evolutionary relationships 2. Natural System Based on many characters
Uses morphology, anatomy, physiology
Proposed by Bentham and Hooker
✔ More accurate than artificial system
3.⁠ ⁠Phylogenetic System
Based on evolutionary relationships
Uses fossils, genetics, and molecular data
Proposed by Ernst Haeckel
✔ Most accepted modern system Carolus Linnaeus classified the living organisms into two kingdoms –
ANIMALS and PLANT
Ernst Haeckel proposed a third kingdom of life –PROTISTA
Herbert F. Copeland proposed the fourth kingdom MONERA.
The Five-Kingdom Classification system was proposed by R. H. Whittaker (1969).
The five kingdoms are:
Monera – Unicellular prokaryotes (bacteria, cyanobacteria)
Protista – Unicellular eukaryotes (Amoeba, Euglena)
Fungi – Eukaryotic, non-photosynthetic organisms (yeast, mushrooms)
Plantae – Multicellular, photosynthetic organisms (plants)
Animalia – Multicellular, heterotrophic organisms (animals)

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