Bigger Effect on Longevity: Diet or Exercise?

Описание: Research rabbit hole story. This is a much harder question to answer than I thought.Which is more important to longevity: diet or exercise? That seems pretty straightforward. I was surprised to find how hard it was to get a clear comparison between two effects. The most direct comparison I could find (Atefatfar et al., 2023) found almost no effect of diet. Why? Are there better measures of diet on longevity?

Sources Cited and Further reading:

Atefatfar et al. “A Healthy Diet, Physical Activity, or Either in Relation to Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study.” Nutrition 116 (December 1, 2023): 112186.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2023.11...

Ahmad et al. “Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Risk of All-Cause Mortality in Women.” JAMA Network Open 7, no. 5 (May 31, 2024): e2414322.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkop...

Sebastian et al. “Long-Term Impact of Mediterranean Diet on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.” Current Problems in Cardiology 49, no. 5 (May 2024): 102509.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2...

Fadnes et al. “Life Expectancy Can Increase by up to 10 Years Following Sustained Shifts towards Healthier Diets in the United Kingdom.” Nature Food 4, no. 11 (November 2023): 961–65.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-023-00...

Caprara, Greta. “Diet and Longevity: The Effects of Traditional Eating Habits on Human Lifespan Extension.” Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 11, no. 3 (September 15, 2018): 261–94.
https://doi.org/10.3233/MNM-180225

Sheehan, Connor M., and Longfeng Li. “Associations of Exercise Types with All-Cause Mortality among U.S. Adults.” Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 52, no. 12 (December 2020): 2554.
https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.000000000...