ARABIC GRAMMAR (LESSON NO 4) : Types Of Arabic Verb

Описание: ARABIC GRAMMAR (LESSON NO 4) : Types Of Arabic Verb
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In this lesson we are going to learn qualities of Arabic Verb
📚 Types of Arabic Verbs (أنواع الأفعال في اللغة العربية)

Arabic verbs are rich and deeply structured. They can be classified in multiple ways, depending on their characteristics, form, and function. The major classifications are:

1. By Tense (الزمن)
Type Arabic Meaning
Past Tense الفعل الماضي Refers to completed actions (e.g., كَتَبَ – "he wrote")
Present/Future Tense الفعل المضارع Refers to ongoing or future actions (e.g., يَكْتُبُ – "he writes/is writing")
Imperative فعل الأمر A command or request (e.g., اُكْتُبْ – "write!")
2. By Number of Root Letters (حسب عدد الحروف الأصلية)
Type Arabic Meaning
Triliteral Verb الفعل الثلاثي Has 3 root letters (most common, e.g., ك-ت-ب)
Quadriliteral Verb الفعل الرباعي Has 4 root letters (e.g., دَحْرَجَ – "he rolled")
3. By Soundness (حسب الصحة والاعتلال)

This classification is based on whether the verb has weak (و/ي/ا) letters in its root.

Type Arabic Explanation
Sound Verb الفعل الصحيح No weak letters in the root (e.g., كَتَبَ)
Weak Verb الفعل المعتل One or more weak letters in the root (see below)
🌀 Types of Weak Verbs:
Type Arabic Description Example
Initial Weak (Assimilated) مثال Starts with a weak letter وَصَلَ (he arrived)
Middle Weak (Hollow) أجوف Middle root letter is weak قَالَ (he said)
Final Weak (Defective) ناقص Ends in a weak letter مَشَى (he walked)
Doubly Weak لفيف Two weak letters وَقَى (he protected)
4. By Transitivity (حسب التعدي واللزوم)
Type Arabic Explanation Example
Transitive Verb الفعل المتعدي Takes a direct object كَتَبَ رِسَالَةً (He wrote a letter)
Intransitive Verb الفعل اللازم Does not take a direct object جَلَسَ (He sat)
5. By Verb Form / Pattern (حسب الوزن أو الصيغة)

Arabic verbs are grouped into 15 forms (most commonly Forms I to X), called أوزان. These are derived patterns built around root letters to create different meanings.

Form Arabic Name Pattern (فعل) Example Meaning
I الفعل الثلاثي المجرد فَعَلَ كَتَبَ He wrote
II الفعل المزيد بحرف فَعَّلَ عَلَّمَ He taught
III المزيد بحرف فَاعَلَ شَارَكَ He participated
IV المزيد بحرف أَفْعَلَ أَسْلَمَ He submitted
... ... ... ... ...

Each form adjusts the meaning, tense, and voice (active/passive).

6. By Regularity (حسب انتظام التصريف)
Type Arabic Explanation
Regular Verb منتظم Conjugates normally with no irregular changes
Irregular Verb غير منتظم Undergoes changes during conjugation (especially weak verbs)
✅ Summary Chart
Classification Types
By Tense Past, Present, Imperative
By Roots Triliteral, Quadriliteral
By Soundness Sound, Weak (with subtypes)
By Transitivity Transitive, Intransitive
By Form Forms I–X (and beyond)
By Regularity Regular, Irregular