Getting Started with Liquid to Customize the Looker User Experience

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Overview
Looker is a modern data platform in Google Cloud that lets you analyze and visualize your data interactively. You can use Looker to do in-depth data analysis, integrate insights across different data sources, build actionable data-driven workflows, and create custom data applications.

What is Liquid?
Liquid is an open source, Ruby-based templating language created by Shopify. You can use it in conjunction with LookML to build more flexible, dynamic code.

There are 3 categories of Liquid code:

Objects - tell Liquid where to show content on a page. They are essentially variables or placeholders, where values get plugged in at runtime. An object name is surrounded by double curly braces (except when referenced within a tag).

A real-life example of this might be found in e-commerce emails. Have you ever purchased online and received an order confirmation or promotional email that said, “Hello {{ first_name }} {{ last_name }}”? A lot of these email templates use Liquid, and if someone had made an error in that template, then those objects might be exposed when your actual first and last name failed to populate.
Tags - create the logic and control flow for templates. Tags determine how logic should work. A tag starts with a curly brace and percent sign, and ends with a percent sign and curly brace. They mostly used to write if-then rules, though you can also do things like assign variables.

Filters - manipulate the output of a Liquid object. You apply a filter by entering a vertical pipe |, and then the name of a supported keyword like append.

This can be confusing if you’ve been using Looker for a while but have never worked with Liquid. In Looker, filters reduce the search results, like “show me only clothes that are red” or “only products that have received at least an average rating of four stars out of five”.
Using Liquid in Looker
You can only use Liquid in certain LookML parameters, as detailed in the Liquid Variable Reference. The Liquid Variable Definitions table in particular is very useful. The Usage column shows which LookML parameters support which variable type. Check it out before you spend half an hour troubleshooting why your flawless Liquid code doesn’t work in an unsupported area!

You may notice filters aren’t mentioned on this page, such as append or concat. You should look up Shopify’s own Liquid documentation to read more about those. Most, if not all, Liquid filters should also work in Looker.

Specifically, there are several places in LookML where Liquid can be used:

The action parameter

The action parameter creates a data action that lets users perform field-level tasks in other tools, directly from Looker. For example, the action can cause an email to be sent, set values in other applications, or perform any other action that you can configure a receiving server to do. The receiving server must be able to accept a JSON POST.
The html parameter

The html parameter enables you to specify the HTML that will be contained by a field. By using Liquid variables, you can get access to the values that would typically be in the field. This allows you to create a number of useful functions, including links to other related Looks, links to external websites, or images.
The label parameter of a field

A string specifying the name of the action as it will appear to users in the Action menu.
The link parameter

The link parameter allows you to add web links to dimensions and measures to enable users to easily navigate to related content directly from Looker. This will be discussed in more detail later in the lab.
Parameters that begin with sql: sql, sql_on, sql_table_name

Using Liquid variables
Basic usage of Liquid variables is straightforward. Once you’ve identified the variable you’d like to use, simply insert it into a valid LookML parameter. The specific Liquid variables that you can use in specific LookML parameters are defined in the Liquid variable definitions documentation.

There are two ways to make use of a Liquid variable:

Output Syntax: This type of usage can insert text and is probably the most common way to use Liquid in Looker. In this method, you enclose the Liquid variable in two curly braces. For example: {{ value }}.

Tag Syntax: This type of usage usually doesn’t insert text; instead, it is for logical comparisons and other Liquid operations. In this method, you enclose the Liquid variable in one curly brace and a single percent sign.


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