Types of Benchmark in Surveying || G T S Benchmark, Permanent Benchmark, Temporary Benchmark etc..

Описание: Benchmarks in Surveying: Types & Importance | Surveying (Lec-15)
​Welcome back to CIVIL GYAN CENTER! In any levelling work, the most critical step is starting from a point of known elevation. That reference point is called a Benchmark (BM).
​In this video, we discuss the four primary types of Benchmarks used in India, from the highly precise GTS benchmarks to the flexible arbitrary ones. This topic is a favorite for "Direct Statement" questions in SSC JE and RRB JE exams.
​📌 What is a Benchmark?
​A Benchmark is a relatively permanent point of reference whose elevation with respect to a specific datum (usually Mean Sea Level) is known.
​📌 Types of Benchmarks Covered:
​GTS (Great Trigonometrical Survey) Benchmark:
​Established by the Survey of India.
​The highest precision benchmarks located all over the country.
​Permanent Benchmark:
​Established by government agencies like PWD, Railways, or Irrigation departments.
​These are fixed on permanent structures like bridges, culverts, or plinths of government buildings.
​Temporary Benchmark (TBM):
​Established at the end of a day's work so that levelling can be resumed the next morning from the same spot.
​Usually marked on a well-defined point like a kilometer stone or a firm rock.
​Arbitrary Benchmark:
​Used in small survey projects where the actual RL (Reduced Level) is not known.
​An elevation (like 100.00 m) is assumed for a convenient starting point.
​⏱️ Video Timestamps:
​Introduction: What is a Benchmark?
GTS Benchmark (Role of Survey of India)
Permanent Benchmarks in Engineering Projects
Temporary Benchmarks: Usage in Daily Fieldwork
Arbitrary Benchmarks for Small Sites
How to choose a Benchmark?
Important PYQs from State AE/JE Exams
​🚀 Target Exams:
​​​​​​✅ ESE (Engineering Services Examination)
✅ SSC JE (Civil)
✅ RRB JE
✅ UPPSC Polytechnic Lecturer
✅ State AE/JE Exams
✅ GATE Civil Engineering
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