Anthelmintic drugs And Agents against ectoparasites; infections caused by parasitic worms helminths

Описание: Anthelmintic drugs are used to treat infections caused by parasitic worms (helminths), while agents against ectoparasites—called ectoparasiticides—target external parasites such as fleas, ticks, and mites. Both are critical in human and veterinary medicine for controlling parasitic diseases.

🧪 Anthelmintic Drugs (Against Helminths)
Anthelmintics act by either stunning (vermifuges) or killing (vermicides) worms without harming the host.

Main Classes & Examples
Benzimidazoles

Albendazole, Mebendazole

Broad-spectrum; effective against roundworms, hookworms, whipworms.

Imidazothiazoles

Levamisole

Effective against nematodes; stimulates worm paralysis.

Tetrahydropyrimidines

Pyrantel pamoate

Commonly used for pinworm and hookworm infections.

Macrocyclic lactones

Ivermectin

Active against nematodes and some ectoparasites.

Salicylanilides & Substituted Phenols

Closantel, Niclosamide

Used for flukes and tapeworms.

Isoquinoline-pyrazines

Praziquantel

Drug of choice for schistosomiasis and tapeworms.

Clinical Uses
Human medicine: Mass deworming campaigns for school-aged children (pinworm, roundworm, hookworm).

Veterinary medicine: Deworming livestock (sheep, goats, cattle) to prevent productivity loss.

🐜 Agents Against Ectoparasites (Ectoparasiticides)
Ectoparasiticides are drugs that eliminate external parasites such as fleas, ticks, lice, and mites.

Main Types & Examples
Organophosphates & Carbamates

Malathion, Carbaryl

Neurotoxic to insects; used in lice and tick control.

Pyrethroids

Permethrin, Deltamethrin

Widely used in topical creams, sprays, and impregnated bed nets.

Avermectins (Endectocides)

Ivermectin

Effective against both ectoparasites and endoparasites.

Phenylpyrazoles

Fipronil

Common in flea and tick treatments for pets.

Isoxazolines

Fluralaner, Afoxolaner

Long-acting oral flea and tick treatments in veterinary medicine.

Sulfur & Benzyl Benzoate

Traditional agents for scabies and lice.

Formulations
Topical creams/lotions (e.g., permethrin for scabies)

Sprays and powders (for livestock and pets)

Collars and spot-on treatments (for dogs and cats)

Oral tablets (newer isoxazolines for pets)

#Helminth