Characteristics of Viruses | Microbiology

Описание: Welcome to sqadia.com, where we bring you an exciting and informative video on the Characteristics of Viruses. Whether you're a student or a professional in the field of microbiology, this video is guaranteed to pique your interest and deepen your knowledge about viruses.

In this video, you'll get an in-depth look at the structure and characteristics of virus cells, including the classification criteria used to identify different types of viruses.
You'll also learn about the mode of replication of virus cells, which will help you to understand the mechanism of action of antiviral drugs.

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Whether you're a visual learner or someone who prefers hands-on activities, you'll find plenty of interesting and informative content in this video.

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▬ 📌 Characteristics of Viruses
The virus structure is different from other microorganisms. A virus cell is the smallest infectious agent, containing a single type of nucleic acid either DNA or RNA.

The viral genome is surrounded by a protein shell known as a capsid. The shape of a virus cell is determined by its capsid symmetry. The complex of the nucleic acid and capsid is known as virion. Virus structures can be enveloped or nonenveloped. The enveloped viruses have a lipid-containing membrane that surrounds the virion.

▬ 📌 Characteristics of Viruses: Classification
Nucleic Acid
Also known as viral genome. It can either be a single or double-stranded DNA or RNA.

👉 Capsid Symmetry
The virus structure is determined by capsid symmetry. It is the outer shell that surrounds the virion. Examples are Icosahedral symmetry, Helical symmetry, and Complex symmetry.

👉 Envelope
A virus cell can also be classified as enveloped or non-enveloped. In an enveloped virus, a lipid envelope derived from the host cell surrounds the virion. A nonenveloped virus cell lacks a lipid membrane.

▬ 📌 Characteristics of Viruses: Mode of Replication
The mode of replication of a virus cell comprises five steps.

✦ Adsorption is the attachment of the virus-cell to the host cell membrane.

✦ Penetration by the virus-cell and intracellular release of nucleic acid into the host cell.

✦ Proliferation is a virus-coded synthesis of capsid and non-capsid proteins and replication of nucleic acid by viral and cellular enzymes.

✦ Assembly of replicated nucleic acid and new capsid protein

✦ Release of new virus cells from the host cell.

▬ 📌 Characteristics of Viruses: Antiviral Therapy
👉 Enfuvirtide
inhibits the adsorption of the virus-cell to specific receptors on the host cell surface.

👉 Amantadine
prevents the virus-cell from penetrating the host cell membrane.

👉 Fomivirsen
inhibits the release of virus structures such as viral genome and capsid proteins after the virus-cell has penetrated the host cell.

👉 Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
stop the virus-coded synthesis of capsid and non-capsid proteins, replication of nucleic acid by viral and cellular enzymes

👉 Methisazone
inhibits mRNA and protein synthesis. Rifampin prevents the assembly and packaging of the replicated nucleic acid and new capsid protein.

👉 Neuraminidase inhibitors
stop the release of new virus cells from the host cell, effectively stopping the process of viral replication

This was all about the characteristics of viruses, to understand the steps of the mode of replication and mechanism of action of antiviral drugs in detail, watch our video on the characteristics of viruses.

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