Italian how to say opposites | Common words | Adjectives | Vocabulary | Learn italian free lessons

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The noun, in italian il nome or il sostantivo, is the part of the speech that indicates:

a person
an animal
a thing
a place
an idea
a feeling
a value
an ideal
an action

The noun plays a fondamental role in the speech, because it consents to identify what the sentence is about. With nouns, we can point all the aspects of reality, both material and immaterial.


• Concrete nouns and abstract nouns

Nouns indicate things that can be seen and touched, like persons, animals, plants and objects.

Are nouns, for example: bambino (childern), nonno (grandfather), coniglio (rabbit), cane (dog), tappeto (carpet), fiore (flower), pino (pine), orologio (watch).

Nouns of things that can be seen and touched are called concrete nouns, nomi concreti.

Nouns indicate also things that can be felt or imagined, such as feelings, values, moods and ideals.

Are nuons, for example: bellezza (beauty), giustizia (justice), freddo (cold), caldo (hot), felicità (happiness), paura (fear), noia (bordo), dolore (sorrow).

Nouns of things that can be felt or imagined are called abstract nouns, nomi astratti.


• Common nouns and proper nouns

Nouns can be common, nomi comuni, when they refer to something in a general way.

Are common nouns, for example: città (city), piazza (square), mamma (mother), libro (book), macchina (car).

Giovanni e Lidia sono andati in città. (Giovanni and Lidia are gone to town.)
In piazza c’è un concerto. (There is a concert downtown.)
La mamma ha cucinato una torta. (Mum made a cake.)
Sto leggendo un libro bellissimo. (I’m reading a wonderful book.)
La tua macchina va davvero veloce! (Your car is really fast!)

Nouns can be proper, nomi propri, when they refer to something specific and detectable. Proper nouns must be written with a capital letter.

Are proper nouns, for example: Francesca, Venezia, Divina Commedia, Ferrari, Messico.

Mia sorella si chiama Francesca. (My sister’s name is Francesca.)
Venezia è una città splendida. (Venice is a wonderful city.)
Hai studiato la Divina Commedia?(Did you study the Divina Commedia?)
Sogno di guidare una Ferrari rossa. (I wish to drive a flame-red Ferrari.)
La prossima estate andremo in vacanza in Messico. (Next summer we’re going on holiday in Mexico.)


• Masculine nouns and feminine nouns

Nouns can be masculine, nomi maschili, when they refer to male people, male animals or things having male gender.

Are masculine nouns, for example: il sole (the sun), lo specchio (the mirror), il letto (the bed), il tavolo (the table), il maglione (the sweater), lo zaino (the schoolbag).

Nouns can be feminine, nomi femminili, when they refer to female people, female animals or things having female gender.

Are feminime nouns, for example: la luna (the moon), la stazione (the station), la sedia (the chair), la borsa (the bag), l’arancia (the orange), la matita (the pencil), la radio (the radio).


Are usually masculine the following nouns:

• the ones that end in -o: il giardino (the garden), il vaso (the vase), il cuscino (the pillow), il coltello (the knife).
with the exception of: la mano (the hand), la radio (the radio), l’auto (the car), etc.
• names of the months and of the days of the week: gennaio (january), giugno (june), lunedì (Monday), venerdì (Friday).
with the exception of: la domenica (Sunday).
• the names of mountains, rivers, lakes: il Po, l’Appennino, il Garda, l’Everest.
with the exception of: le Alpi, la Senna, ecc.
• the names of the States that doesn’t end in -a: il Cile, il Texas, il Perù, il Portogallo.
• foreign names that end with a consonant: lo sport, il bar, il camion.

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