Introduction to Judiciary | Structure, Jurisdiction| UPSC, CLAT PG & Judiciary Exams

Описание: Notes Link: https://www.adityalogy.com/notes/

This lecture serves as a foundational introduction to the Indian judiciary, explaining its constitutional position, institutional structure and functional role within India’s democratic framework. The judiciary is one of the three pillars of the State and plays a central role in upholding the rule of law, protecting fundamental rights and maintaining constitutional supremacy. A clear conceptual understanding of the judicial system is essential before studying substantive and procedural laws.

The session introduces the hierarchy of courts, sources of judicial power, types of jurisdiction and the doctrine of judicial independence. It also explains how constitutional courts and subordinate courts function together to ensure access to justice. This lecture is particularly important for Judiciary examination aspirants, UPSC Law Optional, CLAT PG, UGC-NET Law and LL.B./LL.M. students, as questions often test basic structural clarity before moving to advanced doctrinal analysis.

What You’ll Learn
1. Meaning and Role of the Judiciary

Understanding the judiciary as the guardian of the Constitution.
Judiciary’s role in dispute resolution, constitutional interpretation and enforcement of rights.
Concept of rule of law and judicial accountability.

2. Structure of the Indian Judicial System

Supreme Court of India: constitutional court and court of record.
High Courts: jurisdiction, powers and supervisory role.
Subordinate judiciary: district courts, civil courts and criminal courts.
Tribunals and specialised courts.

3. Jurisdiction of Courts

Original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction.
Writ jurisdiction under Articles 32 and 226.
Supervisory jurisdiction under Article 227.
Special leave jurisdiction under Article 136.

4. Judicial Independence

Constitutional safeguards ensuring independence of judges.
Appointment, tenure, removal and service conditions.
Separation of powers and checks and balances.

5. Judicial Functions and Powers

Judicial review of legislative and executive action.
Interpretation of statutes and constitutional provisions.
Development of judge-made law through precedents.
Role of judiciary in social transformation and governance.

6. Importance for Competitive Examinations

Forms the base for constitutional law, criminal procedure and civil procedure.
Frequently tested through conceptual MCQs and descriptive questions.
Essential for understanding judicial services syllabus and court functioning.

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