Basic Endomycorrhizal Info

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A (somewhat) quick and dirty look at the Endomycorrhizal relationship between ~85% of plant families and Glomeromycota.

Key Points:
-5 main classifications: Arbuscular, Ericoid, Arbutoid, Monotropoid, and Orchid mycorrhiza (1)
~85% of plant families have an Arbuscular Mycorrizae relationship.
-Glomeromycota encompass all Arbuscular-forming species of Mycorrizae.
-AM penetrate the parenchyma cortex, and invaginate only the cell membrane, but not the protoplast.
-Intra-Radical Mycelia are the site of nutrient transfer.
-Extra-Radical Mycelia are the site of nutrient acquisition.
-The two main types of penetration is Paris and Arum, dependent on plant host.
-Paris type moves from one cell to the next.
-Arum type moves between cells.
-Plant benefit is the uptake of nutrients, especially Phosphorus and Nitrogen (in the form of Nitrate/Ammonium). (2)
-Fungal benefit is the uptake of Carbon (in the form of Hexose).
-Examples include Gigaspora margarita.

1(Peterson, R. L.; Massicotte, H. B. & Melville, L. H. (2004). Mycorrhizas: anatomy and cell biology. National Research Council Research Press. ISBN 978-0-660-19087-7. )

2(Bolan, N.S. (1991). "A critical review of the role of mycorrhizal fungi in the uptake of phosphorus by plants". Plant and Soil 134 (2): 189--207. doi:10.1007/BF00012037. )