⚖️ Anti-Defection Law Explained | 10th Schedule, 52nd & 91st Amendments, Cases & UPSC Polity GS-2

Описание: Defections shook Indian politics in the 1960s–70s, leading to instability and “Aaya Ram, Gaya Ram” politics. To address this, the Anti-Defection Law was added through the 52nd Amendment Act, 1985 as the Tenth Schedule.

In this video, Anusha Ma’am explains:
✅ Background – Haryana case & political instability
✅ Constitutional basis – 10th Schedule via 52nd Amendment, 1985
✅ Grounds for Disqualification:
Voluntarily giving up party membership (even implied from conduct)
Voting/abstaining against party whip
Independent MLA/MP joining a party
Nominated member joining a party after 6 months
✅ Exceptions:
Merger if 2/3rd legislators agree
Presiding officers exempt when resigning from party for neutrality
✅ 91st Amendment Act, 2003:
Scrapped 1/3rd split provision
Defectors barred from ministerial posts until re-election
✅ Role of Speaker/Chairman:
Decides disqualification cases → subject to judicial review
✅ Landmark Cases: Kihoto Hollohan (1992), Keisham Meghachandra Singh (2020), Punjab Assembly Case (2024)
✅ Prelims & Mains Practice Questions

📌 UPSC Relevance:
Prelims: 10th Schedule, Amendments, Case laws
GS-2 Mains: Polity, Governance, Federalism, Political Reforms

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