Qyteti antik Helikranon dhe kalaja në Malçan – një enigmë e historisë së Epirit

Описание: Qyteti antik Helikranon dhe kalaja në Malçan – një enigmë e historisë së Epirit

Qyteti antik i Malçanit, në territorin e Bashkisë Finiq, përfaqëson një nga sitet më enigmatike arkeologjike të Epirit të Jugut. Prej vitesh, studiues dhe arkeologë kanë hedhur hipotezën se ky vendbanim i fortifikuar mund të identifikohet me Helikranonin, një qytet i përmendur në burimet antike, por ende i paidentifikuar përfundimisht në terren.

Burimet historike e përshkruajnë Helikranonin si një qytet të brendshëm me rëndësi strategjike, aktiv në zhvillimet ushtarake dhe politike të shekullit III p.e.s. Ai lidhet me sulmin ndaj Foinikes nga mbretëresha ilire Teuta, duke e kthyer zonën e Malçanit në një nyje kyçe për të kuptuar marrëdhëniet iliro-epirote.

Nga pikëpamja urbanistike, Malçani nuk ishte thjesht kala, por një qytet i mirëfilltë antik, me mure rreth 1000 metra të gjata, trashësi deri në 3.5 metra, 16 kulla mbrojtëse dhe një sipërfaqe rreth 110 mijë m². Qyteti lulëzoi kryesisht në shekullin III p.e.s. dhe në traditën lokale lidhet me Pirro i Epirit.

Identifikimi i Malçanit me Helikranonin do të plotësonte një boshllëk të rëndësishëm në hartën arkeologjike të jugut të Shqipërisë.

The Ancient City of Helikranon and the Fortress of Malçan – an Epirus Historical Enigma

The ancient city of Malçan, located in southern Albania within the municipality of Finiq, is one of the most intriguing archaeological sites of Epirus. For years, scholars have suggested that this fortified settlement may correspond to Helikranon, an ancient city mentioned in classical sources but not yet conclusively identified.

Historical records describe Helikranon as an inland city of strategic importance, actively involved in the military and political events of the 3rd century BC, particularly during the Illyrian attack on Phoinike led by Queen Teuta.

Archaeological evidence indicates that Malçan was not merely a fortress but a fully developed urban center. Its defensive walls extend for about 1,000 meters, reinforced by 16 towers, enclosing an area of approximately 110,000 square meters. Local tradition associates the site with Pyrrhus of Epirus, underscoring its historical significance.

A definitive identification of Malçan as Helikranon would mark a major breakthrough in the archaeology of ancient Epirus.

Η αρχαία πόλη της Ελίκρανων και το κάστρο του Μαλτσάνιου – ένα ιστορικό αίνιγμα της Ηπείρου

Η αρχαία πόλη του Μαλτσάνιου, στη νότια Αλβανία και στον δήμο Φοινίκης, αποτελεί έναν από τους πιο αινιγματικούς αρχαιολογικούς χώρους της Ηπείρου. Σύμφωνα με επιστημονικές υποθέσεις, το οχυρωμένο αυτό κέντρο ενδέχεται να ταυτίζεται με την αρχαία Ελίκρανων, πόλη γνωστή από τις πηγές αλλά άγνωστη ακόμη ως προς την ακριβή της θέση.

Οι ιστορικές μαρτυρίες αναφέρουν την Ελίκρανων ως ενδοχώρα πόλη με στρατηγικό ρόλο, ιδιαίτερα κατά τα γεγονότα του 3ου αιώνα π.Χ., όταν η Ιλλυριή βασίλισσα Τεύτα επιτέθηκε στη Φοινίκη.

Το Μαλτσάνι δεν ήταν απλώς φρούριο αλλά οργανωμένη αρχαία πόλη, με τείχη μήκους περίπου 1 χιλιομέτρου, 16 πύργους και έκταση 110.000 τ.μ. Η τοπική παράδοση τη συνδέει με τον Πύρρος της Ηπείρου.

Η οριστική ταύτιση του Μαλτσάνιου με την Ελίκρανων θα συμπλήρωνε ένα σημαντικό κενό στην ιστορία και την αρχαιολογία της Ηπείρου.

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