Three Carnatic wars - History of Modern India 001

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Back Ground of Carnatic Wars
The Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb died in 1707.
Later Mughals lost control over South India.
Chin Qilich Khan –Nizam-ul-Mulk established Hyderabad as an independent kingdom. in 1724
A power struggle ensued after his death between his son, Nasir Jung, and his grandson, Muzaffar Jung,
the opportunity France and England needed to interfere in Indian politics.
France Supported Muzaffar Jung
England supported Nasir Jung
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Mughal territories were autonomous such as the Carnatic, ruled by Nawab Dost Ali Khan, despite being under the legal purview of the Nizam of Hyderabad.
Nawab Dost Ali’s death sparked a power struggle between his son-in-law Chanda Sahib, supported by the French, and Muhammad Ali, supported by the English.
In 1740 the War of the Austrian Succession broke out in Europe. Great Britain was drawn into the war in 1744, as opposed to France and its allies.
The trading companies of both countries maintained cordial relations in India while their parent countries were bitter enemies on the European continent. But they started Preparing for war.
First Carnatic War (1746–1748)
On 21 September 1746, the French captured the British outpost at Madras.
La Bourdonnais had promised to return Madras to the English, but Dupleix withdrew that promise, and no to give Madras to Anwar-ud-din( Nawab of Carnatic ) after the capture.
The Nawab then sent a 10,000-man army to take Madras from the French but was decisively repulsed by a small French force in the Battle of Adyar.
With the termination of the War of Austrian Succession in Europe, the First Carnatic War also came to an end.
In the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), Madras was given back to the British in exchange for the French fortress of Louisbourg in North America, which the British had captured.
The war was principally notable in India as the first military experience of Robert Clive, who was taken prisoner at Madras but managed to escape,
Dupleix was hailed as a hero in the First Carnatic War.
Second Carnatic War (1749–1754)
Though a state of war did not exist in Europe, the proxy war continued in India.
On one side was Nasir Jung, the Nizam, and his protege Muhammad Ali ( illegitimate son of Anwar Uddin ), supported by the English.
Chanda Sahib and Muzaffar Jung, supported by the French
Muzaffar Jung and Chanda Sahib were able to capture Arcot while Nasir Jung’s subsequent death allowed Muzaffar Jung to take control of Hyderabad.
Muzaffar’s reign was short as he was soon killed, and Salabat Jung became Nizam.
Salabat Jung agreed to retain the French in the Deccan restoring previous rights and privileges.
In 1751, however, Robert Clive led British troops to capture Arcot and successfully defend it.
The war ended with the Treaty of Pondicherry, signed in 1754, which recognized Muhammad Ali Khan Walajah as the Nawab of the Carnatic.
Despite intending to be a lasting solution, a Third Carnatic War broke out just two years later in 1756.
Charles Godeheu replaced Dupleix, who died in poverty back in France.
Third Carnatic War (1756–1763)
The outbreak of the Seven Years’ War in Europe in 1756 resulted in renewed conflict between French and British forces in India.
The Third Carnatic War spread beyond southern India and into Bengal where British forces captured the French settlement of Chandernagore (now Chandannagar) in 1757.
British successfully defended Madras,
The Battle of Wandiwash was won by Britishers.
The war concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1763, which returned Chandernagore and Pondichéry to France, and allowed the French to have “factories” (trading posts) in India but forbade French traders from administering them.
ending French ambitions of an Indian empire and making the British the dominant foreign power in India.