Pardon, Commutation, Remission: Difference Explained | President vs Governor Powers| UPSC| HCS| PSC

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Union Executive - The President…


⭐ 3️⃣ PARDONING & CLEMENCY POWERS (Articles 72 & 161)

✔ Types:
– Pardon
– Commutation
– Remission
– Respite
– Reprieve

✔ Key Judgments:
– Kehar Singh (1991) – Limited Judicial Review
– G. Venkata Reddy (2006) – Clemency must be free of caste, religion, politics
– Shatrughan Chauhan (2014) – Delay & insanity = valid grounds for commutation

✔ Why President alone can pardon death sentences
✔ Clemency as a constitutional safeguard against:
– Judicial errors
– Harsh punishments
– New facts emerging


Clemency Powers of President, Article 72 Indian Constitution, President vs Governor Pardon Power, Mercy Petition India, Death Penalty Law India, Shatrughan Chauhan Case UPSC, Kehar Singh Case Summary, Commutation vs Remission, Indian Polity Laxmikanth, UPSC GS Paper 2, President Discretionary Powers, Rubber Stamp President, Rajiv Gandhi Assassination Case Remission, Judicial Review of Pardon Power, Law Optional UPSC, Afzal Guru Hanging Delay.

#UPSC #IndianPolity #PresidentOfIndia #Law #Constitution #DeathPenalty #Article72 #SupremeCourt #JudiciaryExam #UPSC2025 #ShatrughanChauhanCase #legaleducation

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