Oncogenes Tumor Markers ; Ras genes, C myc, Bcl 2, BCR ABL, RET, HER 2Neu c erb

Описание: Oncogenes are mutated or overexpressed versions of normal genes (proto-oncogenes) that drive uncontrolled cell growth and contribute to cancer development. When activated, they can serve as tumor markers, especially when their protein products are detectable in blood or tissue. Here are some key examples:

HER2/neu (ERBB2): Overexpressed in some breast and gastric cancers. Testing for HER2 helps guide targeted therapy with drugs like trastuzumab.

c-MYC: Amplified in Burkitt lymphoma, breast cancer, and others. It regulates cell proliferation and metabolism.

RAS (HRAS, KRAS, NRAS): Mutations are common in pancreatic, colorectal, and lung cancers. KRAS mutation testing is crucial for selecting targeted therapies.

BCR-ABL: A fusion oncogene found in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and some acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL). It produces a constitutively active tyrosine kinase and is targeted by drugs like imatinib.

RET: Mutations or rearrangements are seen in medullary thyroid carcinoma and multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes.

ALK: Rearrangements are found in non-small cell lung cancer and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. ALK inhibitors are used in treatment.

N-MYC: Amplified in neuroblastoma, and its presence is associated with poor prognosis.

#Oncogene