Spartan Warriors began training at this age

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Sparta, the ‘tamer of mortals’, as they were called (Simonides, c.500 BCE). Conquering Messenia by crushing their rival’s attempts at revolt, Sparta’s formidable and fierce position in the south was difficult to ignore. By 480 BCE, they could confidently challenge Persia, and by 404 BCE, could carefully consider whether or not to annihilate Athens. Yet, how were the Spartiates themselves tamed? Were they naturally born as elite Spartans? Or, were they beaten and moulded into what their masters believed to be their superior selves? Answers and insights, may be found in their firm disciplinary system of agoge.

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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)
Script Writer: Natasha Martell
Narrator:

Narrator:

Bryan 'Lazlo' Beauregard

Bibliography

Becker, Howard, and Leon Smelo. “A Sociological Study of Spartan Culture, with Especial Reference to Military Training and Educational Institutions.” Social Science 6, no. 4 (1931): 353–61. Jstor.

David, E. “The Spartan Syssitia and Plato’s Laws.” The American Journal of Philology 99, no. 4 (1978): 486–95. Jstor.

Ducat, Jean. Spartan Education: Youth and Society in the Classical Period. Translated by Emma Stafford, P.-J. Shaw and Anton Powell. Swansea: The Classical Press of Wales, 2006.

“Hippeis.” In The Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World, edited by John Roberts. Oxford: ‎ Oxford University Press, 2007. Oxford Reference.

Knottnerus, J. David, and Phyllis E. Berry. “Spartan Society: Structural Ritualization in an Ancient Social System.” Humboldt Journal of Social Relations 27, no. 1 (2002): 1–41. Jstor.

Paul Cartledge. Review of Spartan Upbringing, by N. M. Kennell. The Classical Review 47, no. 1 (1997): 98–100. Jstor.

Powell, Anton. A Companion to Sparta. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley Blackwell, 2018.