Antiviral Drugs (Part-09) Zidovudine | Introduction & Mechanism of Action of Zidovudine | Antiviral

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Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used for treating viral infections. Most antivirals target specific viruses, while a broad-spectrum antiviral is effective against a wide range of viruses. Unlike most antibiotics, antiviral drugs do not destroy their target pathogen; instead, they inhibit their development. Most of the antiviral drugs now available are designed to help deal with HIV, herpes viruses, the hepatitis B and C viruses, and influenza A and B viruses. Researchers are working to extend the range of antivirals to other families of pathogens. Viruses consist of a genome and sometimes a few enzymes stored in a capsule made of protein (called a capsid), and sometimes covered with a lipid layer (sometimes called an 'envelope'). Viruses cannot reproduce on their own and instead propagate by subjugating a host cell to produce copies of themselves, thus producing the next generation.

A retrovirus is a type of RNA virus that inserts a copy of its genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of that cell. The enzymes are encoded and used by viruses that use reverse transcription as a step in the process of replication. Reverse-transcribing RNA viruses, such as retroviruses, use the enzyme to reverse-transcribe their RNA genomes into DNA, which is then integrated into the host genome and replicated along with it. A reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme used to generate complementary DNA (cDNA) from an RNA template, a process termed reverse transcription.

Different methods of classification for antiviral drugs -
(1)- According to their effect on virus replication stages-
Examples- (A) Viral attachment and entry (B) Uncoating of virus (C) Transcription of virus (D) Translation of virus (E) Nucleic Acid synthesis in Virus either- DNA or RNA (F) Replication of virus (G) Assembly of Virus (H) Budding and release of the virus

(2) According to the mechanism of action and site of action of antiviral drugs
(A) DNA polymerase inhibitors (B) mRNA synthesis Inhibitors (C) Inhibitors of viral penetration and Uncoating (D) Neuroamidase inhibitors (E) Immunomodulators (F) Antiretroviral Drugs

(3) According to clinical conditions
(A) herpes viral infection (B) Cytomegalovirus infection (C) Anti-influenza virus (D) Anti-retro virus (E) Drugs for hepatitis- B and C

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