Organic Chemistry LEC‑90 | AS Chemistry 9701 | Sir Talha | 2nd march 2026
Автор: Talha Sultan
Загружено: 2026-03-04
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Organic chemistry at AS level is the study of carbon-containing compounds and how their structures influence their properties and reactions. Carbon atoms form four covalent bonds, allowing them to create chains and rings with single, double, or triple bonds. Students learn about different functional groups such as alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, halogen alkanes, and carboxylic acids, which determine how organic molecules behave chemically.
At this level, students study important reaction types including substitution, addition, oxidation, and esterification. For example, alkanes typically undergo free radical substitution, while alkenes react by electrophilic addition due to their carbon–carbon double bond. Understanding reaction mechanisms, including the movement of electrons using curly arrows, is an important skill developed in AS organic chemistry.
Students also learn about isomerism and analytical techniques used to identify organic compounds. Structural and E/Z isomerism explain how compounds with the same molecular formula can have different structures and properties. Techniques such as infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and basic NMR help chemists determine the structure of unknown substances. Overall, AS organic chemistry builds a foundation for understanding how carbon compounds are structured, react, and are analysed.
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