Thermodynamics Basics | Physics Explained for Beginners 2026

Описание: Thermodynamics explains how energy moves, transforms, and limits everything around us.

In this episode, we break down thermodynamics step by step using the clear diagrams, tables, and laws from QuickStudy’s Physics: Thermodynamics guide. This is a big-picture, low-stress explanation designed for students, adult learners, and anyone who wants to finally understand heat, energy, and entropy.

You’ll learn:

What thermal energy really is — and how it differs from internal energy (page 1 definitions)

The difference between heat and temperature, and why they are not the same thing

How temperature scales work (Celsius, Kelvin, Fahrenheit) and what absolute zero means (page 1 charts)

Key thermodynamic state variables: pressure (P), volume (V), temperature (T), and moles (n)

The difference between extensive vs. intensive properties (page 1 table)

The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics and what thermal equilibrium means

The First Law of Thermodynamics:

Energy conservation

ΔU = Q − W (page 1)

The Second Law of Thermodynamics:

Why entropy always increases

Why some energy becomes unavailable for work (pages 1–2)

What entropy means at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels (pages 2–3)

How heat capacity works (constant volume vs constant pressure)

The Kinetic Theory of Gases and why temperature is related to particle motion (page 3)

How ideal gas laws (Boyle, Charles, Gay-Lussac) describe real systems (page 3 diagrams)

Phase changes: melting, boiling, condensation, and why temperature stays constant during transitions (page 3 tables)

How heat is transferred by:

Conduction (Fourier’s Law)

Convection

Radiation (Stefan–Boltzmann Law) (page 4)

How heat engines, refrigerators, and heat pumps work — including the Carnot cycle (pages 5–6)

Why no engine can be 100% efficient, no matter how advanced

This episode is ideal for physics beginners, GED and college students, homeschoolers, adult learners returning to school, and anyone curious about how energy governs the real world.

✨ Thermodynamics teaches us not just physics — but the limits, costs, and flow of energy in life itself.

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