सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता। Indus Valley Civilization।Ancient India।Part 2। ARUN SIR।

Описание: सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता। Indus Valley Civilization।Ancient India।Part 2। ARUN SIR।
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This video, "Indus Valley Civilization Part-2," is an in-depth class for the RRB Group D Exam 2026, focusing on the Indus Valley Civilization (1:19). It covers various aspects, including:

Discovery and Chronology (2:34): The first site, Harappa, was discovered in 1921 by Rai Bahadur Dayaram Sahni (6:00). The civilization dates from 2500 to 1750 BCE, belonging to the Protohistoric or Bronze Age, with main inhabitants being Dravidians and Mediterraneans (4:41).
Geographical Expansion (6:55): The civilization stretched across Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Jammu & Kashmir, and Western Uttar Pradesh. Its area was larger than the Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations (7:31).
Town Planning and Architecture (8:02): A key feature was grid-patterned town planning, with roads and alleys intersecting at right angles (8:26). Houses were made of baked bricks (9:41), and doors and windows typically opened to the back, except in Lothal (10:31). A large public bath, "Great Bath," was found in Mohenjo-Daro (11:00).
Economic Life (11:44): Agriculture was the primary occupation, cultivating wheat, barley, peas, oilseeds, and cotton (11:58). Evidence of ploughed fields was found in Kalibangan (12:19). Animal husbandry was also important, with cattle, cows, buffaloes, dogs, pigs, sheep, and goats being domesticated (12:34). Trade was conducted through a barter system, with foreign trade links to Sumeria and Bahrain (12:54).
Craft and Industry (14:39): Pottery, especially red and black pottery, was prevalent (15:05). Jewelry was made from gold, silver, ivory, copper, and shells, worn by both men and women (15:57). Cotton cultivation and weaving indicate a developed textile industry (16:25). Chanhudaro and Lothal were major centers for bead making (16:38).
Social and Religious Life (17:01): Religious beliefs included the worship of Mother Goddess, Pashupatinath (an incarnation of Shiva), Yoni, trees, and animals (17:14). They also believed in ghosts and witchcraft (17:40). Society was divided into priests, traders, artisans, and laborers (18:06), with a matriarchal family structure (18:21).
Decline of the Civilization (19:01): The civilization, lasting about 1000 years, is believed to have ended due to climate change, floods, and invasions by Aryans (19:06).
Key Sites and Discoveries (19:30):
Harappa (19:34): Located on the Ravi River, notable for the Swastika symbol and six granaries (19:42).
Mohenjo-Daro (20:06): On the Indus River, known for the Great Bath and a granary (20:08).
Kalibangan (20:23): In Rajasthan, on the Ghaggar River, with evidence of ploughed fields and fire altars (20:30).
Lothal (20:46): Located in the Gulf of Khambhat, known as a dockyard city or port city (20:52).
Dholavira (21:00): In Gujarat, famous for its advanced water management system (21:03).

The video concludes by stating that this is the second part of the discussion on the Indus Valley Civilization and that the next topic will be the Vedic Civilization (21:15). It also encourages viewers to subscribe and join their Telegram channel for PDFs and notes (22:52).
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