CANCER (ONCOLOGY NURSING) CARCINOGENESIS, STAGING vs GRADING, TNM SYSTEM, SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | NCLEX

Описание: CANCER (ONCOLOGY NURSING) CARCINOGENESIS, STAGING vs GRADING, TNM SYSTEM, SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | NCLEX
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Cancer
A cancer is always referred to by the stage it was given at diagnosis, even if it gets worse or spreads. New information about how a cancer has changed over time gets added on to the original stage. So, the stage doesn't change, even though the cancer might.

Staging
Stage refers to the extent of your cancer, such as how large the tumor is, and if it has spread. Knowing the stage of your cancer helps your doctor:
• Understand how serious your cancer is and your chances of survival
• Plan the best treatment for you
• Identify clinical trials that may be treatment options for you

The TNM Staging System
The TNM system is the most widely used cancer staging system. Most hospitals and medical centers use the TNM system as their main method for cancer reporting. You are likely to see your cancer described by this staging system in your pathology report, unless you have a cancer for which a different staging system is used. Examples of cancers with different staging systems include brain and spinal cord tumors and blood cancers.

In the TNM system:
• The T refers to the size and extent of the main tumor. The main tumor is usually called the primary tumor.
• The N refers to the the number of nearby lymph nodes that have cancer.
• The M refers to whether the cancer has metastasized. This means that the cancer has spread from the primary tumor to other parts of the body.


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