神舟五号载人航天飞行任务 Shenzhou 5 Manned Space Mission

Описание: 神舟五号载人飞船是"神舟"号系列飞船之一，是中国首次发射的载人航天飞行器，于2003年10月15日将航天员杨利伟送入太空。这次的成功发射标志着中国成为继前蘇聯（現由俄羅斯承繼）和美国之后，第三个有能力独自将人送上太空的国家。

杨利伟，中国首批12名航天员之一，原中国人民解放军空军的一名歼击机飞行员，在发射前一天被挑选为执行此次任务的航天员。

神舟五号于北京时间（UTC +8）2003年10月15日9时在中国内蒙古自治区阿拉善盟的酒泉航天发射中心用长征二号F型运载火箭发射，9时10分进入离地面343千米的预定轨道。
中共中央总书记胡锦涛在现场观看了飞船的发射。神舟五号的发射过程的保密性介于美国与前苏联之间。中国并没有像美国首次发射时那样开放民众到现场观看，也没有现场直播，但也要比前苏联更开放，在发射前几天公共媒体就开始进行报导，并在发射成功后几分钟就插播新闻。
[编辑]在轨飞行

9时34分杨利伟向地面表示"感觉良好"。17时32分，飞船在进行第六圈飞行时，杨利伟与国防部长曹刚川进行第一次"天地对话"。18时40分，中国航天员杨利伟在太空展示中国国旗和联合国旗，并向地球发出问候。19时59分，杨利伟与家人通话。
[编辑]返回

神舟五号在完成了14圈绕地球的飞行后，返回舱于2003年10月16日6时23分在内蒙古四子王旗主着陆场成功着陆，离预定着陆地点仅差4.8公里。轨道舱继续绕地球运行半年左右。

Shenzhou 5 (simplified Chinese: 神舟五号; traditional Chinese: 神舟五號; pinyin: shénzhōu wǔ hào) — was the first human spaceflight mission of the People's Republic of China (PRC), launched on October 15, 2003. The Shenzhou spacecraft was launched on a Long March 2F launch vehicle. There had been four previous flights of unmanned Shenzhou missions since 1999. China became the third country in the world to have independent human spaceflight capability after the Soviet Union (later, Russia) and the United States.

The launch was widely heralded in the official Chinese state media with newspapers devoting far more space to the launch than any recent event. While the Chinese media portrayed the launch as a triumph for Chinese science and technology and a milestone for Chinese nationalism, it has also been pointed out in both Chinese and Western media that Yang Liwei showed the flag of the United Nations in addition to the flag of the People's Republic of China.[1][2] The state media also reported that crop seeds from Taiwan were brought aboard the spacecraft.[3]
General Secretary and President Hu Jintao, in an official celebration at the Great Hall of the People, hailed China's success in launching its first manned spacecraft into orbit, describing it as "an honor for our great motherland, an indicator for the initial victory of the country's first manned space flight and for an historic step taken by the Chinese people in their endeavor to surmount the peak of the world's science and technology."[4]
Hu added, "the Party and the people will never forget those who have set up this outstanding merit in the space industry for the motherland, the people and the nation." He also expressed congratulations and respect to specialists and people who have contributed to China's space mission development on behalf of the CPC Central Committee, the State Council and the Central Military Commission (CMC).[4]
The launch was met with praise from around the world. For example, Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi of Japan called the launch "a great feat".[5] United States President George W. Bush congratulated Chinese President Hu and wished China continued success.[6] U.S. State Department spokesman said that the United States wished to "applaud China's success in becoming only the third country to launch people into space".[5] NASA Administrator Sean O'Keefe called Shenzhou 5 an "important achievement in human exploration" and wished China "a continued safe human space flight program."[6]
The spacecraft has since featured prominently in festivities and celebrations not only in China but also in foreign countries, such as official North Korean commemorative stamps showing the first Chinese manned spacecraft alongside the DPRK's first satellite Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1.[7]