Tocharian — The Lost Indo-European Language of China

Описание: Tocharian — The Lost Indo-European Language of China
I love languages, Tocharian language, Tocharian languages, Tocharian A, Tocharian B, Agnean, Kuchean, Proto Tocharian, Indo-European languages, extinct languages, Tarim Basin, Xinjiang languages, Silk Road languages, Tocharian script, Brahmi script, centum languages, historical linguistics, language reconstruction, ancient languages, Tocharians, Kuchean language, Agnean language, Proto Indo-European, comparative linguistics, language history, Tarim mummies, ancient manuscripts, Tocharian culture

CHAPTERS:
Language: 0:00 - 2:43
History: 2:44 - 5:45
People: 5:46 - 7:54
Culture: 7:55 - 10:01
Numbers: 10:02 - 10:28
Vocabulary: 10:29 - 14:05
Sample Text: 14:06 - 15:57

Tocharian A: *Ptāñkät käṣṣiṃ naṃ! Ñi ñom Andy. Kāsu tu?
Tocharian B: * Pañäktentse nāmye! Ñi ñem Andy. Kartse tuwe?
Literal Translation: *Homage to the Buddha! My name is Andy. Are you well?
Hello! My name is Andy. How are you?
Let's talk about the Tocharian languages.

The Tocharian languages form an independent, early-branching member of the Indo-European family, spoken until roughly the end of the first millennium CE in the oasis city-states of the Tarim Basin (modern Xinjiang). Two are securely attested: Tocharian A (Agnean/East Tocharian; native ārśi), centered on Qarašahr and Turfan, and Tocharian B (Kuchean/West Tocharian; kuśiññe "Kuchean"), spread more widely from Turfan to Tumšuq. The consensus (Adams, Pinault, Peyrot) is that A and B are two distinct, mutually unintelligible languages, not dialects, implying Proto-Tocharian split centuries before the texts; A appears to have become a largely liturgical language while B remained a living vernacular. A possible third language, Tocharian C, was once proposed on the basis of unusual foreign words and names in some third-century documents from the southern Tarim Basin. This idea has now been largely rejected: a claimed "decipherment" of such a language was found to be deeply flawed, and the supposedly Tocharian words turned out to be from other languages or simply misreadings.

Tocharian is famously a centum language (A känt, B kante "100," cf. Latin centum) sitting at the eastern edge of the Indo-European world, which dismantled the simple centum/satem geographic divide. Other features: merger of the three PIE stop series into one voiceless series (p, t, k); a restructured, partly agglutinative case system (inherited primary cases plus secondary suffixal cases); retention of the dual; and a conservative verb. It is widely held to be the second branch to split from PIE (after Anatolian), and some scholars have suggested that its unusual structural features may stem from a Uralic substrate. Both languages were written in North Turkestan Brāhmī, an Indic-derived abugida.

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This video is created for educational, language awareness, and language preservation purposes. It aims to provide valuable insights and knowledge to viewers, enhancing their understanding and appreciation of different languages and their unique characteristics. By raising awareness about linguistic diversity, the video seeks to foster a greater respect and recognition for various languages, particularly those that are endangered or underrepresented. Additionally, it contributes to the preservation of languages by documenting and sharing linguistic knowledge, thus ensuring that these languages and their cultural heritage are not lost to future generations.

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