Cam 16 Test 4 Section 3 LGT

Описание: Cam 16 T 4 Sec 3
00:40 JAKE: Now that we've done all the research into bike-sharing schemes in cities around the world,
00:45 we need to think about how we're going to organise our report.
00:49. AMY: Right. I think we should start by talking about the benefits.
00:54 I mean it's great that so many cities have introduced these schemes
00:58 where anyone can pick up a bike from dozens of different locations and hire it for a few hours.
01:04 It makes riding a bike very convenient for people.
01:07 JAKE: Yes, but the costs can add up and that puts people on low incomes off in some places.
01:13 AMY: I suppose so, but if it means more people in general are cycling rather than driving,
01:20 then because they're increasing the amount of physical activity they do, it's good for their health.
01:25 JAKE: OK. But isn't that of less importance?
01:29 I mean, doesn't the impact of reduced emissions on air pollution have a more significant effect on people's health?
01:36 AMY: Certainly, in some cities bike-sharing has made a big contribution to that.
01:41 And also helped to cut the number of cars on the road significantly
01:45 JAKE: Which is the main point.
01:47 AMY: Exactly. But I'd say it's had less of an impact on noise pollution
01:52 because there are still loads of buses and lorries around.
01:55 JAKE: Right.
01:56 AMY: Shall we quickly discuss the recommendations we're going to make?
02:00 JAKE: In order to ensure bike-sharing schemes are successful?
02:03 AMY: Yes.
02:04 JAKE: OK. Well, while I think it's nice to have really state-of-the art bikes with things like GPS,
02:11 I wouldn't say they're absolutely necessary.
02:13 AMY: But some technical things are really important-like a fully functional app-
02:19 so people can make payments and book bikes easily.
02:23 Places which haven't invested in that have really struggled.
02:26 JAKE: Good point. Some people say there shouldn't be competing companies offering separate bike-sharing schemes,
02:33 but in some really big cities, competition's beneficial
02:36 and anyway one company might not be able to manage the whole thing.
02:40 AMY: Right. Deciding how much to invest is a big question.
02:45 Cities which have opened loads of new bike lanes at the same time as introducing bike-sharing schemes have generally been more successful-
02:54 but there are examples of successful schemes where this hasn't happened.
02:58 What does matter though -is having a big publicity campaign.
03:02 JAKE: Definitely. If people don't know how to use the scheme or don't understand its benefits, they won't use it.
03:09 People need a lot of persuasion to stop using their cars.
03:59 AMY: Shall we look at some examples now?
04:02 And say what we think is good or bad about them.
04:05 JAKE: I suppose we should start with Amsterdam as this was one of the first cities to have a bike-sharing scheme.
04:11 AMY: Yes. There was already a strong culture of cycling here.
04:15 In a way it's strange that there was such a demand for bike-sharing
04:19 because you'd have thought most people would have used their own bikes.
04:23 JAKE: And yet it's one of the best-used schemes...
04:26 Dublin's an interesting example of a success story.
04:29 AMY: It must be because the public transport system's quite limited.
04:33 JAKE: Not really - there's no underground, but there are trams and a good bus network.
04:38 I'd say price has a lot to do with it.
04:41 It's one of the cheapest schemes in Europe to join.
04:44 AMY: But the buses are really slow -anyway the weather certainly can't be a factor!
04:49 JAKE: No - definitely not.
04:51 The London scheme's been quite successful.
04:54 AMY: Yes -it's been a really good thing for the city.
04:57 The bikes are popular and the whole system is well maintained but it isn't expanding quickly enough.
05:03 JAKE: Basically, not enough's been spent on increasing the number of cycle lanes. Hopefully that'll change.
05:09 AMY: Yes. Now what about outside Europe?
05:13 JAKE: Well bike-sharing schemes have taken off in places like Buenos Aires.
05:17 AMY: Mmm. They built a huge network of cycle lanes to support the introduction of the scheme there, didn't they?
05:23 It attracted huge numbers of cyclists where previously there were hardly any.
05:28 JAKE: An example of good planning.
05:30 AMY: Absolutely. New York is a good example of how not to introduce a scheme.
05:35 When they launched it, it was more than ten times the price of most other schemes.
05:41 JAKE: More than it costs to take a taxi. Crazy.
05:44 I think the organisers lacked vision and ambition there.
05:48 AMY: I think so too. Sydney would be a good example to use.
05:52 I would have expected it to have grown pretty quickly here.
05:55 JAKE: Yes. I can't quite work out why it hasn't been an instant success like some of the others. It's a shame really.
06:03 AMY: I know. OK so now we've thought about