PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION (PEM)- Kwashiorkor and Marasmus

Описание: PEM
Protein-energy undernutrition (PEU)
Kwashiorkor
Marasmus
causes
Cases
treatment
Case 1
A 4 year old girl brought to the hospital with a complaint of failure to thrive and generalized swelling all over the body. She had a history of repeated respiratory infections and intermittent diarrhea. She belongs to a poor family and resides in a slum area.
Diagnosis- Kwashiorkor (Protein-energy malnutrition)
Cause – Low protein in the diet
Treatment – high protein diet

Case 2
A 3 year old child from a poor illiterate family reported with edema, discoloration of hair and skin, anemia, diarrhea. His serum albumin and K+ were low.
i) Give the diagnosis and etiology
ii) What is the cause of edema
Albumin level decreases in kwashiorkor hence oncotic pressure decreases. The oncotic pressure is in direct opposition with the hydrostatic pressure and tends to draw the water back into capillaries by osmosis. Hence in albumin deficiency, fluid accumulates in the tissues and causes edema.
iii) Suggest line of treatment and preventive measures
Supportive therapy-ORS for diarrhea
High protein diet- Eggs, meat, fish, pulses, mushrooms etc
Vitamin and mineral supplementation
Vaccination for the age