08 Exercises 5.1: Examples of Estimations (19,20): حل سؤال 19 و20 على التقديرات الأعلى والأقل

Описание: Examples of Estimations:
19. Water pollution: Oil is leaking out of a tanker damaged at sea. The damage to the tanker is worsening as evidenced by the increased leakage each hour, recorded in the following table.
a. Give an upper and a lower estimate of the total quantity of oil that has escaped after 5 hours.
b. Repeat part (a) for the quantity of oil that has escaped after 8 hours.
c. The tanker continues to leak 720 gal/h after the first 8 hours.
If the tanker originally contained 25,000 gal of oil, approximately how many more hours will elapse in the worst case before all the oil has spilled? In the best case?

20. Air pollution: A power plant generates electricity by burning oil. Pollutants produced as a result of the burning process are removed by scrubbers in the smokestacks. Over time, the scrubbers become less efficient and eventually they must be replaced when the amount of pollution released exceeds government standards. Measurements are taken at the end of each month determining the rate at which pollutants are released into the atmosphere, recorded as follows.
a. Assuming a 30-day month and that new scrubbers allow only 0.05 ton / day to be released, give an upper estimate of the total tonnage of pollutants released by the end of June. What is a lower estimate?
b. In the best case, approximately when will a total of 125 tons of pollutants have been released into the atmosphere?