Battery Energy Storage Systems | Thermal Runaway and Explosion Testing for Lithium-ion Battery Gas

Описание: When Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries enter thermal runaway they off-gas decomposition products. The composition of the runaway “battery gas” has been shown to be sensitive to the state of charge and chemistry of the battery, among other variables.

Typically, the battery gas composition is dominated by Hydrogen (H2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and short chain hydrocarbons, like Methane (CH4) and Ethylene (C2H4).

In this test, a mixture of 35% H2, 25 % CO, 20% CO2, 15% CH4, and 5% C2H4, by volume, was used to serve as a surrogate battery gas. A conventional 20-ft long shipping container was filled with a stoichiometric concentration (21.9%vol) of the surrogate battery gas. The mixture was ignited at the wall opposite to the doors. The container was essentially empty apart from the fuel delivery manifold and pressure gauges. Internal and external pressure sensors were deployed and digital video was recorded in multiple formats and angles.

This test was part of series performed in the summer of 2023 at the Box Canyon Test Facility to explore the effects of concentration, congestion, and venting on confined deflagrations of Li-ion battery gas. Stay tuned for more footage and insights from this series of BESS tests.

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