16.6 Medieval India | Satish Chandra | NCERT AUDIOBOOK
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16.6 Medieval India | Satish Chandra | NCERT AUDIOBOOK #upsc #ncertaudiobook
Economic and Social Life Under the Mughals
History Audiobook | Class 11 NCERT Audiobook | NCERT Reading Class 11 History| Gyanshila
Ch 16 part 6 | Economic and Social Life Under the Mughals
Foreign Trade and the European Traders
India had maintained trade relations with other countries for centuries. Over time, the patterns of trade and commodities changed.
India had a thriving trade with a large number of foreign countries during the 16th and 17th centuries.
The arrival of the Europeans is a significant aspect of foreign trade during this period and it significantly increased India's foreign trade. The majority of this trade was in the form of Indian exports.
India not only supplied food items such as sugar, rice, and so on to many Southeast and West Asian countries, but Indian textiles also played an important role in regional trade.
'From Aden to Achin, from head to foot, everyone was clothed in Indian textiles,' an English agent observed. This is what made India the Asian world's virtual factory (excluding China).
The only items that India needed to import were certain metals such as tin and copper, which were in short supply (tin was used to make bronze), certain spices for food and medicine, war horses, and luxury items (such as ivory).
The positive trade balance was met by gold and silver imports.
The import of silver and gold into India increased during the seventeenth century as a result of the expansion of India's foreign trade.
India and China were more successful due to the size of their economies and their ability to be self-sufficient.
The Europeans attempted to acquire empires in India and its environs in order to pay for goods exported to Europe with revenues from these territories.
The Dutch were successful in conquering Java and Sumatra. The key, however, was India.
Both the English and the French attempted to conquer India, but they were unable to do so as long as India remained strong and united, first under Mughal rule and then under capable provincial governors.
They could only succeed if internal and external factors weakened these states as well.
Conclusion
Indian society was largely organised around a feudal structure during the mediaeval period, which persisted even during Mughal rule. The king was at his most powerful. The Mughal empire had reached its territorial apex by the end of the seventeenth century. It had to deal with a number of political and administrative issues at the time. Many European travellers and traders mention the socioeconomic conditions of India, providing information about the poverty and sufferings of ordinary people such as peasants and artisans.
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