Saliva & Salivary Glands | Neeru Mam | Shri Balaji Nursing Institute

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Salivary glands are exocrine glands in the mouth that produce saliva, which is a fluid that aids in digestion, lubrication, and oral hygiene. There are three major pairs of salivary glands—parotid, submandibular, and sublingual—as well as hundreds of minor glands. Saliva helps moisten food for chewing and swallowing, contains enzymes that start digestion, and protects the mouth from infection with antibodies and antimicrobial properties.
Salivary glands
Parotid glands: Located in front of the ears, these are the largest salivary glands and produce about 50% of total saliva volume.
Submandibular glands: Located under the jaw, they produce approximately 70% of total saliva volume, which is a mix of serous (watery) and mucous (thick) secretions.
Sublingual glands: Located under the tongue, they produce mostly mucous saliva.
Minor glands: Hundreds of smaller glands are located throughout the lining of the mouth, including the lips, cheeks, and tongue.
Function of saliva
Digestion: Saliva contains enzymes, such as salivary amylase and lingual lipase, that begin the breakdown of carbohydrates and fats.
Moistening and lubrication: It keeps the mouth moist, which is essential for speech, swallowing, and taste.
Oral hygiene: Saliva helps cleanse the mouth and has antibodies, lysozymes, and other compounds that kill germs and prevent infections. It also helps buffer acids and protect teeth from decay.
Sensation: It dissolves food chemicals so that taste receptors can detect them.
Healing: Saliva aids in blood clotting and the repair of oral tissues after injury

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