Toll-like receptor Signaling Pathway | MyD88 | TRIF Pathways | Basic Science Series

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00:00 Introduction
02:07 RECAP
03:01 Structure of TLR
03:09 Activation of TLR 4
05:26 TIR Domain
07:04 Protein generated from Plasma Membrane
10:27 Protein generated from MYD 88
12:19 Some Important Proteins
15:17 Protein generated from Endosomal membrane
17:43 Summary
20:07 Conclusion

Toll-like receptors, TLRs, PRRs,
TLR4 = Toll like receptor 4,
LPS = lipopolysaccharide (LPS),
MD-2 = Myeloid Differentiation factor 2 (MD-2),
CD14 = cluster of differentiation 14,
IL-1R family members,
TIR domain,
MyD88: myeloid differentiation primary-response gene 88,
universal adaptor TLRs (NOT -TLR3),
TIRAP: Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein,
TRIF: TIR-domain-containing adaptor inducing IFNβ,
TRAM: TRIF-related adaptor molecule (TRAM),
TLR4 + LPS + MD-2 +CD14 complex,
-TIR domain mediates downstream signaling,
-MyD88-dependent or TRIF-dependent pathways,
NF-kβ activation and MAPK activation,
IFN Production,
Pro-inflammatory cytokine production,
Plasma membrane TLRs: TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, and TLR10,
Endosomal TLRs: TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9
Pattern recognition receptors, innate immunity,
C-type lectin receptors,
NOD-like receptors,
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs),
The function of the innate immune system,
Detect molecules typical for the pathogens,
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs),
Membrane-bound PRRs include Toll-like receptors (TLRs) ,
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs),
Cytoplasmic PRRs include NOD-like receptors,
Toll-like Receptors (TRLs),
Membrane receptors,
Macrophages and dendritic cells
Recognition and response to foreign pathogens
Pro-inflammatory and effector cytokines
Common structural framework
Horseshoe-shaped structures (leucine-rich repeat motifs), 22–29 residues in length.
‘‘m’’-shaped dimer sandwiching the ligand molecule bringing the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains in close proximity
TLR extracellular domains with their ligands vary markedly between TLR paralogs.
TIR domains on the adaptor proteins MyD88, TRIF, and TRAM,
TLRs and their ligands
Unmethylated CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide DNA

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