Antitubercular Drug (Part-4) Rifampicin Mechanism of Action | Rifampicin Pharmacology | Anti TB Drug

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Tuberculosis, also known as TB, is a contagious bacterial infection that can be found nearly anywhere in the body. Bacteria of tuberculosis may communicate to one person from another by direct contacts like coughing, sneezing, or transmission of air. Tuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous disease infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a treatable, communicable disease that has two general states: latent infection and active infection.

Active Tuberculosis- Active TB is an infection in which the TB bacteria are rapidly multiplying and invading different organs of the body as they are inactive condition. A person who is suffering from active pulmonary TB disease has a strong possibility to spread this infection to others by airborne transmission of infectious particles coughed into the air.

Latent Tuberculosis- Many people how received the infection of TB may not get infected with it immediately. The most common diagnostic test for TB is a skin test, The skin test for TB, otherwise known as a Mantoux tuberculin test.

Classification of Antitubercular drugs-
(1) First-line Antitubercular drugs- Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, Streptomycin
(2) Secon line Antitubercular drugs- Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin Moxifloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Rifabutin, Terizidone, Cycloserine, Rifapentine, Ethionamide, Prothionamide, Paraamino-salicylic acid (PAS), Amikacin, Kanamycin, Capreomycin
(3)Third line Antitubercular drugs- clofazimine, linezolid, amoxicillin, clavulanate,

Rifampin is an antibiotic that inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in susceptible cells. Specifically, it interacts with bacterial RNA polymerase but does not inhibit the mammalian enzyme. It is bactericidal and has a very broad spectrum of activity against most gram-positive and gram-negative and specifically Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Because of the rapid emergence of resistant bacteria, use is restricted to the treatment of mycobacterial infections and a few other indications. Rifampin is well absorbed when taken orally and is distributed widely in body tissues and fluids, including the CSF. It is metabolized in the liver and eliminated in bile and, to a much lesser extent, in urine, but dose adjustments are unnecessary with renal insufficiency.

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