UPSC PYQs on Equality | UPSC PSIR Optional

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This lecture covers previous year questions (PYQs) on Equality from UPSC PSIR optional. Learn how to structure answers, cite key thinkers, and use contemporary examples to score high in mains. Includes solved PYQs, model answers, and exam‑ready templates.
What you will learn
Core concepts of equality: formal equality, substantive equality, equality of opportunity, equality of outcome.
Key thinkers: Aristotle (proportional equality), Rousseau (moral equality), Rawls (justice as fairness), Amartya Sen (capability approach), Marxist and feminist perspectives.
PYQs covered:
“Distinguish between equality of opportunity and equality of outcome.”
“Discuss Rawls’ conception of equality.”
“Explain Amartya Sen’s critique of Rawls on equality.”
“Equality and liberty — are they compatible?”
“Marxist and feminist perspectives on equality.”
Answer writing tips: how to open with definitions, structure arguments, and conclude with contemporary relevance.
Exam toolkit: model answers, PYQ structures, and quick examples for 10–20 mark questions.


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