Class 12th NEET G2 Chemistry | D and F Block Elements Paper Analysis 15.03.26 | By:- Akash Sir

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#inorganicchemistry .D-block elements (Groups 3-12, Transition Metals) and f-block elements (Lanthanoids/Actinoids, Inner Transition) are key to inorganic chemistry. They feature filling $d$ or $f$ orbitals, creating colorful compounds, multiple oxidation states, magnetic properties, and high-strength alloys. They bridge electropositive s-block and electronegative p-block elements. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
d-Block Elements (Transition Metals)

• Definition: Elements with partially filled $d$-orbitals, spanning groups 3–12, often referred to as transition metals because they bridge s- and p-block properties.
• Key Properties: They form colored compounds, exhibit variable oxidation states, and are commonly used as catalysts.
• Exceptions: Zinc , Cadmium , and Mercury are in the d-block but are not considered transition metals because they have a stable d^{10} configuration.
• Series: 3d, 4d, 5d, and 6d series based on the principal quantum number n. [1, 3, 4, 5, 6]

f-Block Elements (Inner Transition Metals)

• Definition: Elements placed at the bottom of the periodic table, including the Lanthanoid series (4f) and Actinoid series (5f), where the inner f-orbital is being filled.
• Inner Transition: Often called "inner transition elements" because they are placed within the d-block's transition series.
• Lanthanoids: 4f series, known for lanthanoid contraction (gradual decrease in atomic size).
• Actinoids: 5f series, all are radioactive and include man-made elements. [1, 2, 3, 7, 8]


• Conceptual: Electronic configuration and why $Zn/Cd/Hg$ are special.
• Trends: Trends in atomic size, oxidation states, and ionization enthalpy.
• Applications: Catalytic activity, alloys, and magnetic properties.
• Mnemonics: Tricks for remembering the $3d$ series. [1, 3, 5, 9,
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