9. WHAT ARE CLAMPER CIRCUITS | POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CLAMPERS| AC ANALYSIS| SECRETS OF PHYSICS
Автор: Secrets of Physics
Загружено: 2026-01-22
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Clamper Circuits – AC Analysis
A clamper circuit is an electronic circuit used to shift the entire AC waveform up or down along the voltage axis without changing its shape. Unlike clipper circuits, clamper circuits do not remove any portion of the waveform; instead, they add a DC level to an AC signal.
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Basic Components of a Clamper Circuit
A typical clamper circuit consists of:
• Diode
• Capacitor
• Resistor
• AC input source
These components work together to reposition the AC waveform relative to the zero-voltage reference.
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Working Principle (AC Analysis View)
When an AC signal is applied to a clamper circuit, its operation can be understood by observing the behavior during positive and negative half cycles of the input signal.
• During one half cycle, the diode becomes forward biased and allows current to flow.
• The capacitor charges quickly to a certain voltage level during this time.
• During the opposite half cycle, the diode becomes reverse biased, preventing the capacitor from discharging.
• The charged capacitor then acts as a temporary voltage source, adding or subtracting its voltage to the input signal.
As a result, the entire waveform is shifted upward or downward while maintaining the same peak-to-peak value.
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Types of Clamper Circuits (Based on AC Output Shift)
1. Positive Clamper
• Shifts the AC waveform upward.
• The negative peaks of the waveform are raised closer to or above the zero reference level.
• Commonly used when a signal needs to remain in the positive voltage region.
2. Negative Clamper
• Shifts the AC waveform downward.
• The positive peaks of the waveform are pushed toward or below the zero reference level.
• Useful when a signal must operate in the negative voltage region.
3. Biased Clamper
• Uses an additional DC source.
• Allows the waveform to be clamped at a specific voltage level other than zero.
• Provides more precise control over the waveform position.
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Key Points in AC Analysis of Clamper Circuits
• The shape of the AC waveform remains unchanged.
• Only the DC level of the signal is modified.
• The capacitor must have sufficient charge-holding ability to maintain the shift.
• The resistor controls how long the capacitor retains its charge.
• Clamper circuits are often called DC restorers.
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Applications of Clamper Circuits
• Signal conditioning in communication systems
• Restoring DC levels in video and television circuits
• Wave shaping in electronic systems
• Protecting circuits by ensuring signals stay within required voltage levels
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